Spinosaurini
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| Spinosaurini | ||||||||||||
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Skeleton reconstruction of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus in a floating position in the National Geographic Museum |
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| Temporal occurrence | ||||||||||||
| Lower to Upper Cretaceous (possibly Albium to Cenomanium ) | ||||||||||||
| 112.9 to 93.9 million years | ||||||||||||
| Locations | ||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Spinosaurini | ||||||||||||
| Arden et al., 2018 | ||||||||||||
The Spinosaurini are a group of theropod dinosaurs from the Middle Cretaceous of Africa. Arden et al. described this tribe in 2018 and placed it in the Spinosauridae family . To the Spinosaurini belong the genera Spinosaurus and Sigilmassasaurus .
Temporal occurrence
According to the current state of knowledge, the members of the Spinosaurini first appeared during the Lower Cretaceous Albium 112 million years ago and disappeared again during the Upper Cretaceous Cenomanium , 93.5 million years ago. However, Sigilmassasaurus died out before Spinosaurus .
features
All members of this group had a strong dorsal sail , of which some vertebrae could reach up to 2 meters in height, as was the case with Spinosaurus . Furthermore, the necks of the members of this family were elongated. The teeth of the members of this family were rather thin, straight and pointed, which clearly distinguished them from the serrated teeth of the Carnosauria . These teeth were suitable for catching fish near banks in rivers and for holding them. In addition, the hind legs of these predatory dinosaurs were relatively shorter than those of most other theropods.
Way of life
The members of the Spinosaurini were like all Spinosauroidea carnivores ( meat eaters ). Most of the time, however, they captured fish close to the bank by standing in the water waiting for the fish, which they then grabbed with their jaws, which benefited them greatly from their straight, pointed teeth, and then carried them onto the land around the carcass with their claws to divide. This thesis is supported by the fact that Spinosaurini had openings for nerves on their snouts so that they could perceive approaching fish through their electrical field .
Systematics
The Spinosaurini belong to the family Spinosauridae and to the superfamily of the Spinosauroidea . This family includes, for example, the genera Irritator and Angaturama (which may be a synonym for Irritator ) and the genus Oxalaia . According to the current status, the Spinosaurini tribe contains the genera Spinosaurus and Sigilmassasaurus .
Individual evidence
- ^ Matthew T. Carrano, Roger BJ Benson, Scott D. Sampson: The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda). In: Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. Vol. 10, No. 2, 2012, ISSN 1477-2019 , pp. 211-300, doi : 10.1080 / 14772019.2011.630927 .
- ↑ Cristiano Dal Sasso , Simone Maganuco, Eric Buffetaut , Marco A. Mendez: The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda). In: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Vol. 10, No. 2, 2012, ISSN 0272-4634 , pp. 888-896, doi : 10.1671 / 0272-4634 (2005) 025 [0888: NIOTSO] 2.0.CO; 2 .
- ↑ TMS Arden, CG Klein, S. Zouhri & NR Longrich: Aquatic adaptation in the skull of carnivorous dinosaurs (Theropoda: Spinosauridae) and the evolution of aquatic habits in spinosaurus. Cretaceous Research. doi : 10.1016 / j.cretres.2018.06.013
literature
- Serjoscha W. Evers, Oliver WM Rauhut, Angela C. Milner, Bradley McFeeters, Ronan Allain: A reappraisal of the morphology and systematic position of the theropod dinosaurSigilmassasaurus from the “middle” Cretaceous of Morocco . In: PeerJ . tape 3 , October 20, 2015, ISSN 2167-8359 , p. e1323 , doi : 10.7717 / peerj.1323 ( peerj.com [accessed September 3, 2018]).
- Donald M. Henderson: A buoyancy, balance and stability challenge to the hypothesis of a semi-aquatic Spinosaurus Stromer, 1915 (Dinosauria: Theropoda) . In: PeerJ . tape 6 , August 16, 2018, ISSN 2167-8359 , p. e5409 , doi : 10.7717 / peerj.5409 ( peerj.com [accessed September 3, 2018]).
- Simone Maganuco, Cristiano Dal Sasso: The smallest biggest theropod dinosaur: a tiny pedal ungual of a juvenile Spinosaurus from the Cretaceous of Morocco . In: PeerJ . tape 6 , May 30, 2018, ISSN 2167-8359 , p. e4785 , doi : 10.7717 / peerj.4785 ( peerj.com [accessed September 3, 2018]).
