Srebarna
| Srebarna Biosphere Reserve | |
|---|---|
UNESCO world heritage 
|
|
|
|
| Srebarna lake |
|
| National territory: |
 Bulgaria
|
| Type: | nature |
| Criteria : | x |
| Surface: | 638 ha |
| Buffer zone: | 673 ha |
| Reference No .: | 219bis |
| UNESCO region : | Europe and North America |
| History of enrollment | |
| Enrollment: | 1983 (session 7) |
| Extension: | 2008 |
The Srebarna Biosphere Reserve is located on the Danube in northeastern Bulgaria , approx. 17 km west of Silistra . It extends over 900 hectares, on which 99 bird species breed and 80 migratory bird species overwinter.
history
As early as 1942, Lake Srebarna was declared a national bird sanctuary and in 1948 a nature reserve. In 1973 it was declared a wetland of international importance and in 1977 the area was recognized as a biosphere by UNESCO for the first time. A buffer zone was created around the lake in 1983 to protect it, and in the same year it was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The construction of a dam upstream of the Danube led to the gradual drying out because the annual floods did not materialize. As a result, the biosphere reserve was listed as World Heritage in Danger from 1992 to 2002 because, among other things, there was a significant decline in the pelican population.
The lake has given its name to the Srebarna Glacier on Livingston Island in Antarctica since 2002 .
location
Lake Srebarna is located in the river plains one kilometer south of the Danube, which forms a natural border with neighboring Romania, and 19 kilometers from Silistra. The exact geographic coordinates are: 44 ° 07'N, 27 ° 04'E. The protected area covers an area of 902 hectares and is on average 10 to 13 meters above sea level. The lake extends over an area of 120 hectares of open water and also contains 400 hectares of reed beds. It is up to 3.3 meters deep.
flora
Biogeographically, the Srebarna Biosphere Reserve belongs to the Central European forest area. The landscape includes standing water with underwater vegetation, marshland, reed areas, wet meadows, grass meadows and poplar trees. The most common plant species is the reed ( Phragmites australis ), there are also white water lilies of the genus Nymphaea alba and various types of willow. In total there are 2 internationally and 11 nationally endangered plant species in the biosphere reserve.
fauna
Since the Srebarna Biosphere Reserve is located on the eastern migration route of migratory birds , the so-called “Via Pontica”, which leads past the western Black Sea coast, a very diverse avifauna is not surprising. There are 233 different bird species represented, 80 of which are migratory birds and 99 breed on site. The latter include the Dalmatian pelican ( Pelecanus crispus , 10% of the world's population can be found here), the great cormorant ( Phalacrocorax carbo ), the bog duck ( Aythya nyroca ) and the red-necked goose ( Branta ruficollis ). Various heron species such as the night heron ( Nycticorax nycticorax ) and the little bittern ( Ixobrychus minutus ) find a breeding ground here. 12 internationally and 57 nationally endangered bird species can be found on Lake Srebarna.
In addition to the countless species of birds, there are also 41 species of mammals, 18 fish, 15 reptiles and 12 amphibians.
gallery
- Panoramic pictures from the reserve
Access
Visiting the biosphere reserve is strictly prohibited, and fishing and hunting are not allowed. The entire area is demarcated by a fence. A natural history museum that is part of the reserve receives around 15,000 visitors annually.
Web links
- Entry on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).
- United Nations Environment Program
- Srebarna is alive , Südwest Presse, October 10, 2012
Heritage: Boyana Church (1979) | Rock relief of the rider of Madara (1979) | Thracian tomb at Kazanlak (1979) | Ivanovo Rock Churches (1979) | Rila Monastery (1983) | Old town of Nessebar (1983) | Thracian tomb of Sveshtari (1983)
Natural heritage: Srebarna Biosphere Reserve (1983) | Pirin National Park (1983) | Old beech forests and primeval beech forests of the Carpathian Mountains and other regions of Europe (2017)
Coordinates: 44 ° 6 ′ 52 ″ N , 27 ° 4 ′ 41 ″ E