Nessebar
| Nessebar (Несебър) | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Bulgaria
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| Oblast : | Burgas | ||||
| Residents : | 12,548 (December 31, 2016) | ||||
| Area : | 31.9 km² | ||||
| Population density | 393.4 inhabitants / km² | ||||
| Coordinates : | 42 ° 40 ' N , 27 ° 44' E | ||||
| Height : | 30 m | ||||
| Postal code : | 8230 | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+359) 0554 | ||||
| License plate : | A. | ||||
| Administration (status: since 2007) | |||||
| Mayor : | Nikolai Dimitrov | ||||
| Ruling party : | independently | ||||
| Website : | www.nesebarinfo.com | ||||
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Nessebar [ nɛˈsɛbɐr , also Germanized ˈnɛsɛbar ] (also Nesebar , Bulgarian Несебър ) is a city in Bulgaria near Burgas on the southern Bulgarian Black Sea coast . The city is located on the north side of the Burgas Bay on a small rocky peninsula in the Burgas Province and is the center of the Nessebar municipality of the same name .
Nessebar emerged from a Thracian settlement and was established in the late 6th / early 5th century BC. Colonized by Greeks. The old town of Nessebar is an open-air museum and a complex monument of urban architecture. With its significant buildings and its unique location, the city is included in the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage and one of the 100 national tourist objects in Bulgaria.
With its history, the nearby beaches and the location, Nessebar is a nationally known city for recreational, bathing and cultural tourism and attracts visitors from all over the world. Together with Sunny Beach , Rawda and Sweti Vlas , Nessebar forms the largest tourist agglomeration in Bulgaria.
geography
location
The city is located in the eastern part of the Upper Thracian Plain in the Bay of Burgas on a small rocky peninsula of about 25 hectares on the Black Sea , which is connected to the mainland by a 350 m long narrow isthmus and to the mainland on the other side of the Isthmus. To the north of the city are the Emine massif, the eastern foothills of the Balkan Mountains . This runs out with a distinct mountain character at the rocky Cape Emine in the Black Sea. The cape drops almost vertically, 60 m deep into the sea. To the west of the city and the fertile coastal plain is the Ajtos mountain range , which is one of the southern foothills of the Balkan Mountains . Both mountain ranges are bounded by the 440 m high Djulinski Pass , northwest of Nessebar .
Nessebar is located around 30 km north of Burgas International Airport and the provincial capital of Burgas . The city has grown together with the neighboring towns of Sunny Beach and Rawda .
structure
The city of Nessebar is divided into the districts of Old and New Town and Cherno More (Bulgarian Черно море, German Black Sea).
history
Surname
The city got its first name from the Thracian people. However, this is documented in several variants, including Mesambria , Menebria , Mesembria ( Greek griechεσημβρία , also Μεσαμβρία, Latinized Mesembria ). It consists of the Thracian '-bria' (= city) and a component, which Strabo as Menas and Stephanos Byzantios as Melsos explain as proper names. Following these, the name is interpreted by several modern authors as the city of Menas or city of Melsas , Melsas is understood as the Thracian founding hero of the city.
The Bulgarian name of the city of Nesebr has been handed down since the Middle Ages, when rule over the city in the Bulgarian-Byzantine border area changed several times. In Ottoman times the city had the slightly changed name Misivri .
City history
Antiquity
The first settlement of today's city of Nessebar can be traced back to the Thracians . The city of Mesembria was founded during the course of Greek colonization in the late 6th or early 5th century BC. Founded by Greeks from Byzantion and Kalchedon or by Greeks from Kalchedon and Megara or only by Greeks from Megara. The city name is made up of the Thracian '-bria' (= city) and an unexplained component, which Strabo and Stephanos Byzantios declared as proper names. The polis quickly rose to become a trading power. During this time the city traded with the entire Black Sea region and the eastern Mediterranean . In the 6th century BC They began to mint bronze and silver coins for themselves and other city-states.
In the 4th and 3rd centuries BC The city was a flourishing community with its own fleet, a fortress as well as theaters and temples of the gods Apollo , Zeus and Hera , Asklepios and Dionysus . A dispute with the neighboring Greek Polis Apollonia (today's Sozopol ) over control of the salt mines at Anchialos and Burgus led in the 2nd century BC. To a war that was won by Apollonia. The development of Mesambria had finally overtaken Apollonia in the Hellenistic period and the Polis can be regarded as the most important west Pontic city south of the Balkan Mountains.
In 72 BC BC the Roman general Licinius Lucullus conquered the city, which meant the end of the glamorous times. After that, Mesembria lost its importance. The Romans built the nearby Anchialos and Debeltus into the most important ports and bases of the Haemimontus province . It is not known whether the city, like the entire region, was destroyed or conquered by the Goths around 270 .
With the division of the Roman Empire , the region became Byzantine . It was not until the Byzantine rule from the 4th to 7th centuries AD that the city regained its reputation. When Constantinople became the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, the entire remote border region became the forecourt of the new state center. In Nessebar, basilicas were built and trade was revived. The fortifications were expanded and the place converted into an important naval base. In 717 the ambassadors of the Byzantine emperor Leo III met here . on the Bulgarian prince Terwel , who finally put an end to the second Arab attack on Constantinople with his troops . The oldest churches in Nessebar date from the Byzantine period (5th – 6th centuries).
middle Ages
After the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire in 679, the city was used by the Byzantine emperors as a starting point for numerous military operations against the Bulgarians. It was not until 812 that Khan Krum succeeded in integrating the city into the Bulgarian Empire. During the capture of the strong fortress, the Bulgarians were able to capture 36 devices for the Greek fire, which had been kept secret until this moment . After the capture of Mesambria, Krum turned his gaze to Constantinople . During this time, the first Slavs and Bulgarians also settled in the city. The current name of the city, Nessebar, comes from the former . In the 7th and 8th centuries and during the "Golden Age" of Bulgarian culture under Tsar Simeon I , the old trade connections with the Mediterranean , the Adriatic and with the empires in the north and east of the Black Sea were resumed.
In 927 a 50-year peace treaty was concluded in Mesembria in the presence of the Bulgarian and Byzantine aristocracy. According to this treaty, Bulgaria got back territories that had been conquered by Byzantium and Byzantium had to recognize the title of tsar for the Bulgarian rulers, thus placing the Bulgarian rulers on the same level as their own. In addition, the independence of the Bulgarian Church was recognized by Constantinople.
The city experienced its best years during the Bulgarian Middle Ages during the Second Bulgarian Empire in the 13th and 14th centuries. Today, of the original 40 churches built by architects from the Tarnowo School , only ten remain. They were foundations of private piety, not parish churches in the usual sense. The current name of the city comes from this time. In the middle of the 14th century the city became part of the Dobruja despotate . It was not until October 1366 that the Count of Savoy , Amadeus VI. , conquered the city as part of a campaign against the Turks and then sold it to Byzantium, it came back into Byzantine possession.
Ottoman rule
In 1396 the city was conquered by the Ottomans for the first time . However, the city finally fell under the rule of the Ottoman Turks in 1453, together with the other nearby coastal cities, as one of the last cities in present-day Bulgaria. After the fall of Constantinople in the same year, several important Byzantine families settled here, such as the palaeologists and the Kantakuzenos . In the next five centuries the importance of the city declined sharply.
Evliya Çelebi describes Nessebar under the name Misivri in his travel book (Seyahatnâme) in the 17th century . Under this name, Nessebar was also the upper office and judicial district ( Kaza ) in the Ottoman Sanjak Sliven .
In the Russo-Ottoman War (1828-1829) the city was captured by Russian troops in 1829. The Turkish residents then emigrated. Most of the city's residents were Greeks and Bulgarians and supported the Russians. When it became known after the Peace of Adrianople that the city was to remain in the Ottoman-Turkish Empire, many residents fled from the advancing Turks.
After the Turkish rule
The Turkish rule ended in Nessebar in January 1878. After the Peace of San Stefano and its revision by the Berlin Congress , the city became part of the autonomous province of Eastern Rumelia until its unification with the Principality of Bulgaria in 1885. In the following time it was administratively incorporated into the Burgas district.
In 1900 the city had only 1,900 inhabitants, almost 95 percent of them Greeks. After the Ilinden Preobraschenie Uprising in 1903, the city took in a large number of Bulgarian refugees who were expelled from Macedonia and Eastern Thrace in what is now northern Greece and Turkey .
However, more and more Greeks left and Thracian Bulgarians (Bulgarian refugees from Thrace in what is now northern Greece and Turkey ) took over the upper hand. In the summer of 1925, 340 Greek families emigrated on the Gabriela ship . They founded places like Nea Mesimvria ( New Mesembria ) in the municipality of Kalamaria or Mesambria on the northern Greek Aegean coast near the Struma River in what is now Greece .
From the 1930s onwards, Nessebar's main source of income - alongside fishing and viticulture - was tourism .
Population development
The changing population figures partly result from the respective territorial status.
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The numbers come from:
- Censuses (¹),
- Estimates (²) or
- official updates of the statistical offices (³).
politics
City council
The city council of Nessebar consists of the mayor and the number of 21 city council members required by the municipal code. The city council is re-elected every four years, the next election is in 2015. Since the last local elections on October 23, 2011, the distribution of seats in the city council has been as follows, with a turnout of 72.78 percent:
| Political party | Election result 2011 | + / - * | Votes | Seats | + / - * |
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| More | 30.03% | + 11.34% | 4.012 | 7th | + 2 |
| GERB | 18.69% | k. A. | 2,496 | 5 | + 5 |
| Bulgarian Social Democrats | 14.41% | + 7.56% | 1.925 | 4th | (=) |
| Liberal Union Nessebar | 9.10% | k. A. | 1,216 | 2 | + 2 |
| Political Club of Thrace | 6.34% | k. A. | 847 | 2 | + 2 |
| New Beginning Coalition and Blue Coalition | 5.97% | k. A. | 798 | 1 | + 1 |
* Changes to the 2007 local elections
Mayor since 2007
In 2007 Nikolai Dimitrov stood as a candidate for an initiative committee for the mayor's office and was able to prevail in a runoff election on November 4th against Magdalena Mandulewa with 68.04 percent of the vote (7088 voters). In the local elections in 2011 Nikolai Dimitrov was re-elected as Lord Mayor in a runoff election. The politician won the election in the second ballot with 60.38 percent of the vote. The runner-up Atanas Tersiew, candidate of the GERB party , convinced only 39.62 percent of the voters.
Community structure
The city council also functions as the local council and is responsible for overseeing all mayors of the localities. The municipality of Nessebar (Bulgarian Община Несебър / Obtschina Nessebar) also includes the cities of Sweti Vlas and Obzor and the villages of Banja , Gjuljowza , Emona , Kosniza , Koschariza , Orisare , Panizowo , Priselzi , Rawda , Rakowo , Tankowo . The entire municipality has a population of 28,469 inhabitants.
Town twinning
In the fields of culture and tourism Nessebar maintains with the following cities and municipalities partnerships :
- Ohrid , North Macedonia
- Kotor , Montenegro
- Budapest , District XVIII, Hungary
- Saint Petersburg , Petrovsky District, Russia
In addition, Nessebar works in different areas with the following cities:
- Birkirkara , Malta
- Dubrovnik , Croatia
- Rhodes , Greece
- Safranbolu , Turkey
- San Marino
- Sermersheim , France
Economy and Infrastructure
The nearest airports are Burgas (approx. 25 km) and Varna (approx. 100 km), whereby the journey from the latter is via a two-lane pass road through the Balkan Mountains and can take up to three hours. The route Burgas- Pomorie- Nessebar-Sunny Beach is mostly two-lane (as of June 2012). It is the main route for the arrival and departure of tourists in the areas north of Burgas and an important national and international road between Burgas and Varna, or between the Bulgarian-Turkish and Bulgarian-Romanian border ( European route 87 ). Therefore, traffic jams can occur on this route in the summer months. A four-lane expressway, which is supposed to relieve traffic, is under construction and should be completed in 2014.
Like Sunny Beach, Nessebar is not connected to the Bulgarian rail network. The nearest train station is in Burgas (→ Verkehr in Burgas ), opposite the south bus station (Awtogara jug).
The speedboat ferry, the Soviet-built hydrofoil "Raketa", which ran regularly between Sozopol, Burgas, Nessebar, Varna and Istanbul in the 1970s and 80s, was discontinued for financial reasons in the early 1990s - when the economy and tourism in Bulgaria fell into disrepair , and resumed in 2012 with two hydrofoils that operate daily between Sozopol, Nessebar and Varna.
architecture
| Old town of Nessebar | |
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UNESCO world heritage 
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| National territory: |
Bulgaria
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| Type: | Culture |
| Criteria : | i, ii, iii, iv |
| Reference No .: | 217 |
| UNESCO region : | Europe and North America |
| History of enrollment | |
| Enrollment: | 1983 (session 7) |
Since 1983 the old town of Nessebar with its fortifications, the church buildings and the historical residential buildings has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site .
city wall
On both sides of the only access to the peninsula, the remains of the city wall from the 5th century BC were found. Excavated. In late antiquity (5th-6th centuries AD) a gate flanked by two pentagonal towers was built here. The wall was rebuilt again and again until the 14th century. On the north coast of the old town are the remains of the old Hellenic wall from the 5th - 3rd centuries. Century BC Chr.
Church buildings
Only ten of the forty churches and chapels in the city known from sources have survived Turkish rule. The churches in the old town are all heavily restored today.
Two church buildings from the early Byzantine period have been preserved as ruins: The old Metropolitan Church from the 5th / 6th centuries. Century and the basilica at the tip of the peninsula by the sea. from the second half of the 6th century. Both churches are three-aisled basilicas. The basilica by the sea. Former main church of Eleusa monastery, excavated in 1920. It was believed to have been destroyed in the late Middle Ages and then sunk in the sea by an earthquake.
The churches of the 13th and 14th centuries, which are closely related to the late Byzantine architecture of Constantinople, are of particular importance for the history of architecture .
The largest medieval building in Nessebar and an example of Bulgaria's architecture at that time (see Tarnowo Building School ) is the Johannes Aleiturgetos Church above the sea and the port. It is a cross-domed church from the middle of the 14th century. Its polychrome masonry is composed of white limestone blocks and red brick and is decorated with rich ceramic incrustations on the arched frames and in the tympana and decorative panels. They are complemented by three-dimensional ornamental and figural marble reliefs.
There are several sacred buildings from the 13th century. The Sweta Petka Church (also Sveta Paraskeva Church ) probably owes its existence to the veneration of Saint Petka Paraskeva on the occasion of the transfer of her relics to Tarnowo in 1236. Even if the vault and the west tower have collapsed today, the typical character of the Recognize the Tarnowo Building School. Another architectural monument of this school is the Archangel Michael Church . Its elegance is characterized by its ceramic decoration, small width and greater height. The Church of St. Theodoros is another building from this century and is constructed in a similar way to the Sweta Petka Church .
Even those from the 13th / 14th The Christ Pantocrator Church on the main square of the old town is a cross-domed church. With the structure of the facades and the rich exterior decorations, this church is one of the highlights of medieval Bulgarian architecture, which is hardly inferior to the Johannes Aleiturgetos church . Almost the entire church was restored in 1972 during a restoration. Since then, one can again admire the beauty of the ornamental construction in the masonry, the stripes of which are made of brickwork and brickwork and supplemented by ceramics. The visual effect is enhanced by red and green ceramic rosettes and bowls in the arches and gables of the side facades.
Another building from the 14th century is the new Metropolitan Church , also called Sweti Stefan Church , which has the functions of the Old Metropolitan Church from the 5th / 6th centuries. Century had taken over. The church was first dedicated to Mary, the Mother of God. Its foundation walls point to an earlier building from the 10th century, which received an extension with two aisles in the 14th century. At the end of the 16th century, when the church was expanded into a bishop's church, it was given a half-timbered vestibule (also known as a narthex ). Some art historians, such as Asen Tschilingirow, see the church as a link between the Bulgarian architecture of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires, especially the building schools of Preslaw , Ohrid and Tarnowo . Another peculiarity of this church is its wall paintings : it was painted several times. Today, however, the oldest frescoes from the 10th century have been destroyed. The second painting took place in the 14th century and suggests the typical realistic features of the early Renaissance . The third painting took place in 1599. In that year, today's iconostasis was also made. The west facade was completed in the 18th century.
Secular buildings
Numerous historical secular buildings have also been preserved in Nessebar, such as around 80 buildings that were built during the Bulgarian national revival in the 19th century. These houses belong to the so-called "Black Sea type". The basement was built from thick stone walls and the upper floors from wood. The ground floor was used as a warehouse, wine cellar or shelter in hot summer days. The upper floor housed the residential wing. Some of the best preserved houses are Muskoyani 's house, Captain Pavel's house, or Skulev's house .
The restored windmills are also worth seeing .
The old windmill of Nessebar
Old fortifications
The St. John the Baptist Church
View of Nessebar
Fortresses in the area
The mountainous region north and west of Nessebar was predestined for the construction of fortresses and protective walls, which should protect the coastal road Via Pontica and the region from intruders from the north. In addition to the city fortifications of Nessebar, the remains of 20 other fortresses, 5 guard and protection towers and three earth walls are present.
Culture and leisure
Museums
There is an archaeological and an ethnographic museum in Nessebar . A small collection of icons is located in the former church of St. John .
Cultural events
- June 15th - Festival "Sun, Joy, Beauty"
- July 22nd - Bread Day
- At the end of July - “Solar Summer Festival”, the largest Bulgarian electronic music festival
- August 15th - city festival
- August 30th to September 7th - "Festival of Honey"
Sports
The PFC Nesebar is the only football club in the city. At the end of the 2011/12 season he was relegated from the second Bulgarian league ( B Grupa Ost). His home games take place in the Gradski Stadium , which holds 6,000 spectators.
Nessebar is one of the venues for the 2015 European U-17 Football Championship in Bulgaria .
The Kom-Emine mountain hiking trail begins north of Nessebar and runs along the ridge of the Balkan Mountains to the Serbian border and is part of the E3 European long-distance hiking trail .
Personalities
- Schulieta Schischmanowa (1936–1978), gymnastics trainer
- Nikolaj Russew (* 1956), footballer and coach
- Stantscho Gerdschikow (* 1968), footballer
literature
- Brunhilde Lenk: Mesambria 1. In: Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume XV, 1, Stuttgart 1931, Col. 1072-1074.
- Aleksandar Raschenow: Месемврийски църкви. Églises de Mésemvria. (= Chudožestveni pametnici na Bălgarija. Monuments de l'art en Bulgarie. Volume 2). Dăržavna Pečatinica. Imprimerie de l'Etat, Sofia 1932 (reprint: Музей Старинен Несебър), Nessebar 2006, ISBN 954-91595-6-6 .
- Reinhardt Hootz, Pejo Berbenliev: Art monuments in Bulgaria. A picture manual. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-422-00383-5 , pp. 133–144, 369–371.
- Gerhard Ecker: Bulgaria. Art monuments from four millennia from the Thracians to the present. DuMont Buchverlag, Cologne 1984, pp. 215-219.
- Velizar Velkov, Lyuba Ognenova-Marinova, Zhana Chimbouleva: Mesambria - Mesemvria - Nessebur. Svyat Publishing House, Sofia 1986.
- Manfred Oppermann : Thracians, Greeks and Romans on the west coast of the Black Sea . (= Zabern's illustrated books on archeology ). Zabern, Mainz 2007, ISBN 978-3-8053-3739-7 .
- Peter Soustal: Thrace (Thrace, Rhodope and Haimimontos). (= Tabula Imperii Byzantini . Volume 6). Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1991, ISBN 3-7001-1898-8 , pp. 355–359.
- Iris von Bredow , Eckhardt Wirbelauer: Mesambria 1. In: Der Neue Pauly (DNP). Volume 8, Metzler, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-476-01478-9 , Sp. 13-15.
Web links
- Entry on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).
- The ancient Nessebar , site of the Archaeological Museum in Nessebar
- 3D panorama
- Management Plan of "The Ancient City of Nessebar"
Individual evidence
- ↑ Strabon 7, 319: "Μενεβρία (Menebria), city of Menas, because the name of its founder was Menas".
- ↑ Stephanos Byzantios sv Μεσημβρία: named after Melsos. Stephanos names the lost world history of Nikolaos of Damascus as the source , see Felix Jacoby : The fragments of the Greek historians . Volume II A, Berlin 1926. No. 90 F 43.
- ↑ Herodotus 6:33 .
- ↑ Pseudo-Skymnos 737-742.
- ↑ Strabon 7, 6, 1.
- ↑ Strabon 7, 319.
- ↑ See Brunhilde Lenk : Mesambria 1. In: Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswwissenschaft (RE). Volume XV, 1, Stuttgart 1931, Col. 1072 ..
- ^ Hans-Joachim Kißling : Contributions to the knowledge of Thrace in the 17th century. Steiner, Wiesbaden 1956, pp. 46-47.
- ↑ Andreas Birken : The provinces of the Ottoman Empire. Supplements to the Tübingen Atlas of the Middle East , Series B No. 13, Wiesbaden 1976, p. 99.
- ^ Macedonian Press Agency: News in Greek, 96-11-13
- ↑ Population of Nessebar by year , National Statistics Office, accessed on May 22, 2012.
- ↑ a b Central Election Commission: Final results of the 2011 local elections in Nessebar. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 26, 2011 ; Retrieved October 31, 2011 (Bulgarian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Central Electoral Commission: Местни избори 2007. Окончателни резултати. ( Memento of January 2, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Final results of the 2007 local elections in Nessebar (Bulgarian)
- ↑ Places that belong to the municipality of Nessebar
- ↑ a b Int. Relations of the city of Nessebar
- ↑ The boat ferries "Kometa" should resume their service. Travel portal bgizlet.com, accessed on May 23, 2012 (Bulgarian).
- ^ Website of Bulgarian Hydrofoil GmbH, operator of the hydrofoil "Kometa". Retrieved July 25, 2012 .
- ↑ The illustrations in Aleksandar Raschenow offer a comparison: Месемврийски църкви. Églises de Mésemvria. Sofia 1932, plates 1–45 and Reinhardt Hootz, Pejo Berbenliev: Art monuments in Bulgaria. A picture manual. Munich 1983, pp. 134-144.
- ↑ Aleksandar Raschenow: Месемврийски църкви. Églises de Mésemvria. Sofia 1932, pp. 2-13; Stefan Bojadziew: L'ancienne église Métropole de Nessebar. In: Byzantino-Bulgarica 1 (1962) pp. 321-346.
- ^ Robert Ousterhout: Constantinople, Bithynia and Regional Developments in Later Palaeologan Architecture. In: The Twilight of Byzantium. Aspects of Cultural and Religious History in the Late Byzantine Empire. Princeton 1991, pp. 83-84; Elka Bakalowa : Mesemvira's Byzantine Churches in the Context of Late Byzantine Architecture. A Historiographical Survey. In: Sophia. Sbornik statej po iskusstvu Vizantii i Drevnej Rusi v čestʹ AI Komeča. Moscow 2006, ISBN 5-94431-201-7 , pp. 547-572; Slobodan Ćurčić : Architecture in the Balkans from Diocletian to Süleyman the Magnificent. New Haven, Conn. 2010, ISBN 978-0-300-11570-3 , pp. 619-624.
- ↑ Aleksandar Raschenow: Месемврийски църкви. Églises de Mésemvria. Sofia 1932, pp. 36-58.
- ↑ Aleksandar Raschenow: Месемврийски църкви. Églises de Mésemvria. Sofia 1932, pp. 79-88.
- ↑ Aleksandar Raschenow: Месемврийски църкви. Églises de Mésemvria. Sofia 1932, pp. 99-101.
- ↑ Aleksandar Raschenow: Месемврийски църкви. Églises de Mésemvria. Sofia 1932, pp. 59-78.
- ↑ Aleksandar Raschenow: Месемврийски църкви. Églises de Mésemvria. Sofia 1932, pp. 26-35; Dimitǎr Sǎsǎlov: The Church of St. Stephen in Nesebǎr, an early representative of Bulgarian medieval architecture. In: Byzantinobulgarica. 7 (1981) pp. 345-349.
- ↑ Official website ( Memento of the original from June 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the “Solar Summer Festival”.
Heritage: Boyana Church (1979) | Rock relief of the rider of Madara (1979) | Thracian tomb at Kazanlak (1979) | Ivanovo Rock Churches (1979) | Rila Monastery (1983) | Old town of Nessebar (1983) | Thracian tomb of Sveshtari (1983)
Natural heritage: Srebarna Biosphere Reserve (1983) | Pirin National Park (1983) | Old beech forests and primeval beech forests of the Carpathian Mountains and other regions of Europe (2017)