St. Patrick's Cathedral (Dublin)
St. Patrick's Cathedral (officially: The National Cathedral and Collegiate Church of Saint Patrick, Dublin ; Irish Ardeaglais Naomh Pádraig , pron. / ˈⱭrdˌagəlis´ ˌneːv ˈpɑrig´ /) in Dublin , Ireland , is the larger of the two cathedrals of the Anglican Church of Ireland in the city. Amazingly, it is not the seat of the bishop ; this is the slightly smaller Christ Church Cathedral .
history
The church was originally a small wooden chapel that stood near a spring where St. Patrick is said to have baptized around 450 converted believers. In about 1191, during the episcopal reign of John Comyn (Archbishop of Dublin), the Celtic St. Patrick's Church, originally built of wood outside the walls of Dublin, became a cathedral. Much of the current 91 m long building, Ireland's largest church, was built between 1191 and 1270. The 43 m high main tower (Minot Tower) was restored in 1370 under Archbishop Minot and received its spire in the 18th century.
Like all historic cathedrals in Ireland, St. Patrick's became the property of the Anglican State Church as a result of the English Reformation .
Over time, however, the church deteriorated more and more and finally burned down, so that a major renovation was necessary in the 1860s, which was financed by Sir Benjamin Guinness . As a result of this renovation, most of the walls and decorations date from the Victorian era. These conversions were necessary for the preservation of the cathedral - however, it was neglected to document the conversion, so that today little is known which parts of the building originate from the Middle Ages .
In contrast to Christ Church Cathedral, which was used by the English , St. Patrick's Cathedral was long considered the church of the people .
During Oliver Cromwell's stay in Dublin, he used the nave as a stable for his horses.
The cathedral has contributed a lot to Irish life in its long history. The writer and satirist Jonathan Swift (author of Gulliver's Travels ) was dean of the cathedral from 1713 to 1745. His grave and the epitaph can be viewed here.
From 1783 to 1871, when the Anglican Church of Ireland lost its status as a privileged established church , the cathedral served as the Chapel of the Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick . The heraldic flags of that time still hang in the nave today.
Nowadays, various public national celebrations are still held in the cathedral.
Attractions
Tomb of the Boyle family
The 17th century tomb was dedicated to Richard Boyle, Earl of Cork, to his second wife, Katherine.
More tombs
- Harpist Turlough O'Carolan (1670-1738)
- Douglas Hyde , first Irish President (1860-1949)
Swift corner
Various writings by Jonathan Swift are kept here. In addition to his grave and that of his wife Stella, there is also a bookcase with the writer's death mask.
The door with the hole
At the west end of the nave is a door with a hole in it, dating back to a feud between Lords Kildare and Ormonde (1492). Ormonde had found refuge here and after the dispute was settled, Kildare cut a hole in the door to extend his hand to his adversary.
organ
The history of the organs in Saint Patrick's can be traced back to the 15th century. Today's instrument goes back in part to an organ that was built in 1697 by the organ builder Renatus Harris. The two-time instrument initially stood on a grandstand between the nave and the choir. Over the years the instrument has been modified and expanded several times. A third manual was added in the 18th century. In the 19th century, the instrument was rebuilt and equipped with a fourth manual, and moved to the north stand. The present instrument was built in 1902 by the organ builder Henry Willis and Sons, using pipe material from the previous organ from 1697. In 1963, the instrument was rebuilt by the organ builder J. Walker & Sons, and the original pneumatic action was replaced by electropneumatic action replaced. It was last restored in 1994 by the organ builder Harrison & Harrison. The organ has 70 registers on four manuals and a pedal.
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- Coupling : I / II, III / I, III / II, IV / I, IV / II, IV / III, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P; III / III and IV / IV each as sub-octave coupling
Individual evidence
- ↑ Detailed information on the history of the organ ( Memento of the original from May 31, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ For disposition ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 34 kB)
Web links
Coordinates: 53 ° 20'22 " N , 6 ° 16'17" W.