Statuto Albertino

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Karl Albert signed the Statuto Albertino on March 4, 1848 in Turin.
Announcement of Statuto Albertino

The Statuto Albertino (Eng. "Albertinisches Statut"; other rare names: Statuto del Regno and Legge fondamentale ) was the constitution of the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont from 1848 to 1861 and the constitution of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1946 .

history

The Statuto Albertino was one of the constituent constitutions of the revolutionary year 1848 . It was issued or imposed on March 4, 1848 by King Karl Albert (hence the name) without the participation of the people or representatives of the people, i.e. it was imposed . The Statuto Albertino was the only constitution of this type that survived this revolutionary period in Italy. Since the Italian unification movement was led by Sardinia-Piedmont and the Italian national state emerged from this kingdom on March 17, 1861, the Statuto Albertino subsequently remained the constitution of the Kingdom of Italy. Although according to the constitution the government was formed by the king and his ministers and the latter were responsible only to the monarch, the Savoy allowed governments that were dependent on parliamentary confidence until the mid-1920s. This period is commonly referred to as the liberal era . After the takeover of the fascists was Statuto Albertino in 1925 gradually in much of de facto undermined or completely suspended. With the dismissal of Benito Mussolini on July 25, 1943, a transitional period began in which the Albertino statute was formally valid, but in fundamental areas remained ineffective due to the lack of elected representatives. The king and government passed various laws and decrees that temporarily regulated basic state powers and functions. This first transition phase lasted until June 2, 1946, when a referendum was held on the future form of government and elections to a constituent assembly were held at the same time . The Statuto Albertino was not formally abolished with the decision for the republic, but remained the constitution of Italy in the second transitional phase until December 31, 1947, albeit to a very limited extent. On January 1, 1948, the Constitution of the Italian Republic came into force and thus definitely replaced the Statuto Albertino .

content

The Statuto Albertino consists of a preamble and 84 articles in nine sections. The 23 articles of the first section regulated in particular the prerogatives of the monarch. The second section with Articles 24 to 32 defined the basic human rights. Sections three to six concerned the Senate and its the king appointed members (Articles 33 to 38) for a limited census suffrage elected Chamber of Deputies (Articles 39 to 47) and the Parliament in general (Articles 48 to 64). This is followed by sections on ministers (65 to 67), the judiciary (68 to 73), general provisions on various areas, including provinces and municipalities (74 to 81), and finally transitional provisions (82 to 84).

National holiday

With a law of May 5, 1861, the first Sunday in June each year became Italy's national holiday . The holiday was called "Feast of the Unity of Italy and the Statute of the Kingdom" or Festa dell'Unità d'Italia e dello Statuto del Regno . It was first committed on June 2, 1861, the last time on June 2, 1946, when the referendum took place on the form of government in which the republic won. Their national holiday, the Festa della Repubblica , is June 2nd.

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