Stone box from Exloo-Zuiderveld

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Stone box from Exloo-Zuiderveld Hunebed D31a
Stone box from Exloo-Zuiderveld (Netherlands)
Red pog.svg
Coordinates 52 ° 52 '6.3 "  N , 6 ° 52' 45.4"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 52 '6.3 "  N , 6 ° 52' 45.4"  E
place Borger-Odoorn , OT Exloo , Drenthe , The Netherlands
Emergence 3500 to 2800 BC Chr.
van Giffen no. D31a

The stone box of Exloo-Zuiderveld was a stone box grave of the Neolithic funnel cup culture near Exloo , a district of the municipality of Borger-Odoorn in the Dutch province of Drenthe . The facility was discovered in 1843 and likely destroyed in the following decades. The grave and its remains have been archaeologically examined several times. It bears the van Giffen number D31a. The facility was originally classified as a large stone grave by Albert Egges van Giffen , while Jan N. Lanting classifies it as a stone box.

location

The grave was located south of Exloo in a wooded area. To the west is the still-preserved Exloo-Zuid (D31) large stone grave .

Research history

The facility was first mentioned in 1843. Leonhardt Johannes Friedrich Janssen , curator at the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden in Leiden , carried out an investigation in 1846 and made a drawing. Between 1855 and 1875 the last stones of the grave were removed. The remains of the facility were rediscovered in 1968 by Jan Evert Musch . In 1993 a follow-up examination was carried out by Jan N. Lanting .

description

Lanting found a 1.3 m deep pit with a diameter of about 4 m during his excavation. The grave originally had a mound with a diameter of about 11 m and a height of 1.4 m, which was expanded to a height of 2 m in the Middle Bronze Age . At the same time as the expansion, the edge of the hill was framed with large stones. According to Janssen, the burial chamber consisted of two wall stones and a cap stone. During his investigation, Lanting could no longer find any standing holes, but assumed that the chamber was no longer complete when Janssen was examined and that the first destruction probably took place as early as the Bronze Age. The chamber floor was paved with stone gravel. During the Second World War , a shelter was created in the middle of the hill.

Finds

During the excavation of Janssen a spherical accumulation of corpse burn was found. The fragments of bone may have been buried in a piece of old cloth. Lanting found ceramic shards from around 40 vessels from the funnel beaker culture , two cross-edged arrowheads and a stone ax . Typologically, the pottery belongs to the oldest stage of the funnel cup culture in the Netherlands.

literature

  • Jan Albert Bakker : A list of the extant and formerly present hunebedden in the Netherlands. In: Palaeohistoria. Volume 30, 1988, pp. 63-72 ( online ).
  • Jan Albert Bakker: The Dutch Hunebedden. Megalithic Tombs of the Funnel Beaker Culture. International Monographs in Prehistory, Ann Arbor 1992, ISBN 1-87962-102-9 .
  • Jan Albert Bakker: Megalithic Research in the Netherlands, 1547-1911. From 'Giant's Beds' and 'Pillars of Hercules' to accurate investigations. Sidestone Press, Leiden 2010, ISBN 9789088900341 , pp. 215-216 ( online version ).
  • Albert Egges van Giffen : De Hunebedden in Nederland , 3 volumes. Oosthoek, Utrecht 1925.
  • Evert van Ginkel , Sake Jager, Wijnand van der Sanden: Hunebedden. Monuments van een steentijdcultuur. Uniepers, Abcoude 1999, ISBN 978-9068252026 , p. 193.
  • Jan N. Lanting: Het na-onderzoek van het vernielde hunebed D31a bij Exlo (Dr.). In: Paleo-Aktueel. Vol. 5, 1994, pp. 39-42 ( online ).
  • Jan N. Lanting: Het zogenaamde hunebed van Rijs (Fr.). In: Paleo-Aktueel. Volume 8, 1997, pp. 47-50.
  • Nynke de Vries: Excavating the Elite? Social stratification based on cremated remains in the Dutch hunebedden. Master thesis, Groningen 2015 ( online ).

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