Stevenson Restriction Scheme
The Stevenson Plan was a government price setting of the British government for natural rubber from 1922 until the Great Depression .
background
In the early 1900s, an increase in the use of rubber in automotive tires and waterproof products such as boots led to increased demand for natural rubber . This is predominantly resin from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), the growth of which is restricted to tropical climates. 1920 75% of natural rubber production was multinational companies with headquarters in the United Kingdom controlled. Efforts were made by the importers of natural rubber, the Russian Empire, the German Empire and the USA to develop processes for the production of synthetic rubber.
From 1910 the United States Rubber Company cultivated plantations for natural rubber on Sumatra . From 1914 to 1922, the price of natural rubber oscillated between 0.115 and $ 1.02 per USD / pound. Powdery mildew on rubber trees in Brazil reduced productivity there. The resulting price increase prompted natural rubber producers to plant new plants in British Malaya and the Dutch East Indies .
After the October Revolution , multinational companies in Soviet Russia were expropriated without compensation, whereupon an embargo was imposed and synthetic rubber was made from alcohol in the Moscow Combine "Krasnyi Bogatyr" and from petroleum in the Treugolnik (triangle, nationalized Russian-American India Rubber Co.) in Leningrad .
Rubber Investigation Committee
Around 1920 the British Rubber Growers Association asked the Secretary of State for the Colonies , Winston Churchill , for help. Churchill proposed a committee of inquiry , the Rubber Investigation Committee , which was largely made up of representatives of the British Rubber Growers Association and chaired by James Stevenson, 1st Baron Stevenson, in order to stabilize the world market price for natural rubber. The Rubber Investigation Committee developed the Stevenson Restriction Scheme, which was supposed to stabilize the price through a quarterly fixing of the export price by the Secretary of State for the Colonies. The governments of Ceylon and the Federated Malay States sanctioned the price. In October 1922, the Federal Legislative Council of the Federated Malay States passed the Export of Rubber (Restriction) Enactment and came into force on November 1, 1922.
US Lifestyle Threat
During the price-fixing period, global demand for natural rubber doubled. About 75% of the world's natural rubber production was consumed in the United States. In 1925, Herbert Hoover saw the British award as a threat to the American way of life . The government of the Netherlands was offered by the British government to participate in the price setting. She didn't do this. In Liberia , the Netherlands' concession for the cultivation of natural rubber expired in 1923, after which the Firestone Natural Rubber Company leased extensive landscapes for 99 years from 1926. Through the freedom of workers who practiced on these rubber plantations is capitalism of slavery in terms of profit superior.
Export of natural rubber
Import of natural rubber
Individual evidence
- ^ Krasnyi Bogatyr 'Moscow Production Association
- ↑ James Stevenson, 1st Baron Stevenson (* April 2, 1873 - June 10, 1926) coined the slogan in 1908 as managing director of Johnnie Walker : "Born 1820 - Still going Strong!"
- ^ The Government got the necessary legislation passed in Ceylon
- ↑ crude rubber in thousand metric tons