Streptaxidae

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Streptaxidae
Gonospira uvula, Reunion Island

Gonospira uvula , Reunion Island

Systematics
Subclass : Orthogastropoda
Superordinate : Heterobranchia
Order : Lung snails (pulmonata)
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Streptaxoidea
Family : Streptaxidae
Scientific name
Streptaxidae
Gray , 1860

Streptaxidae is the name of a family of snails from the suborder of land snails (Stylommatophora), which are common in tropical regions of Africa , Asia and South America . They are predatory snails that mainly feed on other snails. There are about 1000 species in 100 genera.

features

The shells are almost 2 mm to 4 cm in size, depending on the species, and vary greatly in shape, but in many species they are “compressed” and thus enable the snails to get into narrow gaps and holes when searching for food. The animals themselves are often vividly colored, while the snail shells are usually pale and translucent.

The mouth parts and salivary glands are - similar to other carnivorous snails - greatly enlarged, the teeth of the radula are longer and more pointed than those of herbivorous species.

Occurrence and way of life

The Streptaxidae live in the tropical rainforests of Africa, Asia and South America, whereby by far the greatest biodiversity is to be found in Africa. Most species are rare, have a limited range and can only survive in largely undisturbed primary forest . For this reason, they are endangered or already extinct due to the threat of deforestation .

The Streptaxidae live predatory on other snails, among others. From Rectartemon depressus is known so far the only worm that they also flatworms eats. The prey is usually seized and devoured with the radula ; In this way, snails are pulled out of the barrel.

Systematics

Within the Stylommatophora the streptaxidae together with the subulinidae (Subulinidae) and giant African snail (Achatinidae) by molecular genetic studies of Wade et al. (2001 and 2006) a kinship group that is compared to a sister group from all other Stylommatophora.

Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) place the Streptaxidae as the only family in the superfamily Streptaxoidea and divide them into 6 subfamilies:

  • Streptaxinae Gray, 1860 - Synonym: Artemonidae Bourguignat, 1889
  • Enneinae Bourguignat, 1883 - Synonym: Streptostelidae Bourguignat, 1889
  • Marconiinae Schileyko, 2000
  • Odontartemoninae Schileyko, 2000
  • Orthogibbinae Germain, 1921 - synonyms: Gibbinae Steenberg, 1936; Gonidominae Steenberg, 1936
  • Ptychotrematinae Pilsbry, 1919

According to the system of Sutcharit et al. (2010) the two genera Diaphera and Sinoennea form a separate family Diapheridae within the superfamily Streptaxoidea. According to this system, the following genera belong to the Streptaxidae family:

Streptaxinae

Enneinae

Marconiinae

Odontartemoninae

Orthogibbinae

Ptychotrematinae

Other genera:

Scolodonta Doering 1875, type genus of the family Scolodontidae , was previously placed in the family Streptaxinae.

literature

  • Wilhelm Kobelt : The predatory lung snails (Agnatha). Second division: Streptaxidae and Daudebardiidae . Systematic Conchylia Cabinet by Martini and Chemnitz 1 (12b (2)), pp. 1–211, plates 42–71. Nuremberg 1906.
  • Ben Rowson: Systematics and Diversity of the Streptaxidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) . Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Cardiff University, UK, December 2009.
  • A. Zilch (1961): The types and typoids of the Natur-Museum Senckenberg 24: Mollusca, Streptaxidae . Archiv für Molluskenkunde 90, pp. 79–120.
  • Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005, ISSN  0076-2997 .
  • Christopher M. Wade, PB Mordan, B. Clarke (2001): A phylogeny of the land snails (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 268, pp. 413-422.
  • Christopher M. Wade, PB Mordan, F. Naggs (2006): Evolutionary relationships among the Pulmonate land snails and slugs (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora) . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 87, pp. 593-610.
  • C. Sutcharit, F. Naggs, Christopher M. Wade, I. Fontanilla, S. Panha (2010): The new family Diapheridae, a new species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160, pp. 1-16. doi : 10.1111 / j.1096-3642.2009.00598.x .
  • J. Gerlach, AC van Bruggen (1999): Streptaxidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) of the Seychelles Islands, western Indian Ocean . Zoologische Verhandelingen 328, pp. 1-60. ( PDF; 16.4 MB )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bourguignat JR (1883): Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Series 6, 15, Art. 2, p. 74.
  2. ↑ Schileyko AA (2000). Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae, Chlamydephoridae, Systrophiidae, Haplotrematidae, Streptaxidae, Spiraxidae, Oleacinidae, Testacellidae . Ruthenica, Suppl. 2, Part 6: 731-880. P. 828.
  3. ↑ Schileyko AA (2000). Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae, Chlamydephoridae, Systrophiidae, Haplotrematidae, Streptaxidae, Spiraxidae, Oleacinidae, Testacellidae . Ruthenica, Suppl. 2, Part 6: 731-880. P. 830.
  4. ↑ Germain (1921): Faune malacologique terrestre et fluviatile des îles Mascareignes , pp. 415, 461.
  5. ^ HA Pilsbry (1919): Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 40, p. 180.
  6. ↑ B. Rowson, P. Tattersfield (2013). Revision of Dadagulella gen. Nov., The “ Gulella radius group” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies . European Journal of Taxonomy 37, pp. 1-46. doi : 10.5852 / ejt.2013.37 .
  7. ^ J. Gerlach (2001): Conturbatia, a new genus of Streptaxidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata) . Zoosystematics and Evolution 77 (2), pp. 297-302. doi : 10.1002 / mmnz.20010770213 .
  8. ↑ KC Emberton (2002): Parvedentulina and edentate Gulella of Madagascar (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: streptaxidae). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 131 (1/2), pp. 67–165. Summary .

Web links

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