Structural weakness

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The term structural weakness or structurally weak rooms is a designation from spatial planning and is sometimes euphemistically replaced by the term rooms in need of stabilization . The economically structurally weak regions are determined by the federal-state coordination committee of the joint task "Improvement of the regional economic structure" (GRW) according to nationwide criteria. The basis is the regional indicator, which is made up of the following four weighted indicators:

  1. regional income: gross annual wage per employee (40 percent),
  2. regional labor market development: regional unemployment rate (45 percent),
  3. Future employment development: medium-term forecast of regional employment in relation to overall German development (7.5 percent) and
  4. Infrastructure equipment: infrastructure indicator composed of several individual indicators (7.5 percent).

The structural weakness of a region therefore generally relates to three location factors :

  • low economic power,
  • stagnant population growth and
  • poor accessibility.

Low economic strength

Structurally weak areas are often agricultural regions with a lack of jobs in industry ( secondary sector ) and in the service sector . The value added in agriculture ( primary sector ) is usually significantly lower than in the secondary and tertiary sectors, and it also has a low level of innovation and a significant decline in jobs.

The lack of jobs and trained skilled workers leads on the one hand to an emigration of commercial enterprises, on the other hand to a decreasing tax force for the affected communities, which in turn leads to a lower quality of life due to the decline in training and further education offers, leisure facilities and medical care has the consequence.

However, industrial regions can also develop into structurally weak areas, as can be shown by the example of the Ruhr area : The region, which in the 19th and 20th centuries was mainly characterized by coal mining and the steel industry , was exposed to a far-reaching structural crisis when it was in the second half of the 20th century . Century both economic sectors lost significant economic power due to the technical and industrial change.

Stagnating population development

Due to the low attractiveness of the location, there is only weak immigration to structurally weak regions, while at the same time mainly young and dynamic population groups are leaving. Stagnating population growth or even a population decline are indicators of structurally weak areas.

Bad accessibility

Structurally weak areas are often located in peripheral areas , far removed from the metropolitan areas. Due to their mostly low population density , they are only weakly integrated into the public transport network, so that the inhabitants of the structurally weak region can only reach work locations outside their region with difficulty, which in turn encourages emigration.

In order to ensure the creation of equal living and living conditions in structurally weak areas, considerable efforts are required, which can be the focus of political action.

See also

Web links

literature

  • Academy for Spatial Research and Regional Planning: Position Paper No. 72 "10 theses on developments, structures, problems and solution strategies in peripheral, structurally weak regions in Bavaria"; Hanover 2007
  • Wolfgang Dürig: Structural weakness of regions and funding policy . In: Regional Economy - Think globally, act locally and regionally. ISBN 3-88-640136-7
  • Norbert Eickhof: Fighting structural crises through innovation and cooperation ; Tübingen 1982. ISBN 3-16-344519-5
  • Heinz-Ditrich Ortlieb / Friedrich-Wilhelm Dörge: Economic order and structural policy ; Leske Verlag, Opladen 1970

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b answer to question 1 on BT-Drs. 19/14794 .