Subventricular zone

Autoradiogram of a section through the brain of a rat embryo. The labeling was carried out with oligonucleotide sequences which were conjugated with ³⁵S -dATP ( deoxyadenosine triphosphate ) and which bind to GAD67 ( glutamate decarboxylase 67). The areas with high radioactivity (high marker concentration) are black. This is particularly the case in the subventricular zone (SVZ). The black scale bar corresponds to a length of 2 mm.

The rostal migratory current (red) of a mouse enables the migration of neuroblasts from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles (LV) into the olfactory bulb (OB)

The subventricular zone (SVZ) is located between the striatum and the lateral ventricles of the brain .

function

The subventricular zone is a germinal zone that contains neural stem cells . In many animals, the subventricular zone is the largest reservoir of stem cells in the brain. So far, three zones in the brain are known that are capable of forming neural stem cells. In addition to the subventricular zone, these are the dentate gyrus , which is part of the hippocampal formation, and the subcortical white matter .

The stem cells of the SVZ develop into nerve and glial cells in the late embryonic phase . After completion of the embryonic phase, the subventricular zone recedes. Only a thin layer remains, but it is always detectable in the adult organism. The neural stem cells remain active over the entire lifespan.

The subventricular zone supplies the olfactory bulb ( Bulbus olfactorius ) with neurons and is the largest reservoir of neural stem cells in many animals. About the tubular rostral migratory stream ( Rostral Migratory Stream , RMS) ending on the olfactory bulb, the proliferating cells migrate from the SVZ to the olfactory bulb. Each day, rodents produce over 10,000 neurons in the olfactory bulb. The survival of neural stem cells can be stimulated by the vascular endothelial growth factor in the adult brain. Neurogenesis can be increased by more than 50%.

The stem cells of the subventricular zone obviously play an important role in the development of gliomas . There is clear evidence that the stem cells of the subventricular zone can form gliomas through malignant transformation . However, the issue has not yet been fully clarified and is currently still being discussed controversially.

literature

MA Curtis et al: Human Neuroblasts Migrate to the Olfactory Bulb via a Lateral Ventricular Extension. In: Science 318, 2007, pp. 1243-1249. PMID 17303719
DN Abrous et al .: Adult neurogenesis: from precursors to network and physiology. In: Physiol Rev 85, 2005, pp. 523-569. PMID 15788705
A. Alvarez-Buylla et al: Neurogenesis in adult subventricular zone. In: J Neurosci 22, 2002, pp. 629-634. PMID 11826091
DC Lie: New nerve cells from stem cells in the hippocampus: a model system for cell replacement in the adult brain. (PDF; 142 kB) In: GSF 2005, pp. 33–38.

Web links

Commons : Subventricular Zone - collection of images, videos and audio files

New nerve cells grow back in the human brain. (The mirror)

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b N. Sanai et al.: Neural stem cells and the origin of gliomas. In: NEJM 353, 2005, pp. 811-822. PMID 16120861
^ PS Eriksson et al.: Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus. In: Nature Medicine 4, 1998, pp. 1313-1317. PMID 9809557
↑ MC Nunes et al .: Identification and isolation of multipotential neural progenitor cells from the subcortical white matter of the adult human brain. In: Nature Medicine 9, 2003, pp. 439-447. PMID 12627226
↑ B. Knöll: Cell Biology of the Brain / 1 and 2 Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology at the University of Tübingen, December 7, 2005
^ CM Cooper-Kuhn: Regulation of neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain. Dissertation, University of Regensburg, 2003.
↑ K. Barami: Biology of the subventricular zone in relation to gliomagenesis. In: J Clin Neurosci 14, 2007, pp. 1143-1149. PMID 17931868 (Review)
↑ K. Barami et al .: Relationship of gliomas to the ventricular walls. In: J Clin Neurosci 16, 2009, pp. 195-201. PMID 19097905

[PMID16120861-1] A ^b N. Sanai et al.: Neural stem cells and the origin of gliomas. In: NEJM 353, 2005, pp. 811-822. PMID 16120861

[PMID9809557-2] PS Eriksson et al.: Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus. In: Nature Medicine 4, 1998, pp. 1313-1317. PMID 9809557

[PMID12627226-3] MC Nunes et al .: Identification and isolation of multipotential neural progenitor cells from the subcortical white matter of the adult human brain. In: Nature Medicine 9, 2003, pp. 439-447. PMID 12627226

[4] B. Knöll: Cell Biology of the Brain / 1 and 2 Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology at the University of Tübingen, December 7, 2005

[5] CM Cooper-Kuhn: Regulation of neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain. Dissertation, University of Regensburg, 2003.

[6] K. Barami: Biology of the subventricular zone in relation to gliomagenesis. In: J Clin Neurosci 14, 2007, pp. 1143-1149. PMID 17931868 (Review)

[7] K. Barami et al .: Relationship of gliomas to the ventricular walls. In: J Clin Neurosci 16, 2009, pp. 195-201. PMID 19097905