Striatum

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Horizontal section through the forebrain, basal ganglia blue
Networking of the nuclei in the basal ganglia system

The corpus striatum (or striatum for short ) is a part of the basal ganglia that belong to the cerebrum . This compound name means "striped body" or "striped hill" and is derived from the Latin corpus ('body') and striatus ('striped').

The striatum forms the entrance station of the basal ganglia and is part of important neural control circuits that have an elementary functional value for the frontal (executive) part of the brain (see executive functions ) and that the interaction of motivation, emotion, cognition and movement behavior on neural level Realize level.

anatomy

The striatum lies in the base of each hemisphere on the side of the thalamus . It is divided into paleostriatum (which includes the nucleus accumbens ) and neostriatum and consists of the caudate nucleus and putamen . The caudate nucleus and putamen lie together in early embryonic development and are then separated by the growth of the internal capsule , the longest projection path of the central nervous system (CNS). However, they remain connected by fine strips of gray matter and are therefore collectively known as the striatum. This summary is not only morphologically but also functionally relevant.

Ventrally , the caudate nucleus and putamen are connected by the accumbens nucleus. This region is also known as the ventral striatum or fundus striatum . The ventral striatum is combined with the nucleus basalis and the centromedial amygdala as the substantia innominata .

Projections open into the striatum from the cerebral cortex and the substantia nigra as well as from various core areas of the CNS, e.g. B. from the raphe nuclei (Nuclei raphes) and the Formatio reticularis .

Almost from the entire cerebral cortex, more precisely from the nerve cells of layer V, information reaches the striatum as the entrance station of the basal ganglia . These cortico-striatal connections are excitatory and work with the neurotransmitter glutamate (excitatory glutamatergic transmission). Via the pars reticularis of the substantia nigra (SNR) and the globus pallidus internus (GPI) - the starting points of the basal ganglia - the final information processed by the basal ganglia (inhibitory GABA -ergic transmission) reaches the thalamus and from the thalamus (excitatory, glutamatergic) primarily to the frontal cortex back.

Diseases

The dopaminergic projection to the striatum emanating from the nerve cells of the substantia nigra (pars compacta) is an intensively researched modulation path within the basal ganglia, because it has been recognized that its disorder leads to the symptoms of Parkinson's disease as a result of premature degeneration of the dopaminergic nerve cells of the substantia nigra .

Other diseases that can originate from the striatum are, for example, the striatum syndrome (neostrarian) with hyperkinesis ( athetosis , chorea ), tremor and Tourette's syndrome . The Parkinson's disease , however, is a paläostriäre disease.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Alfred Bennighoff Macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of man , 13-14. Ed, 1992, ISBN 3-541-00264-6 , p. 410f