Sudanese Arabic

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sudanese Arabic

Spoken in

Sudan , South Sudan

and partly in:

speaker 18,986,000 (as of 1991)
Linguistic
classification
Language codes
ISO 639 -1

ar (Arabic)

ISO 639 -2

ara (Arabic)

ISO 639-3

apd, ara (macro language, Arabic)

Árabe sudanés.png

Sudanese Arabic (also Sudan Arabic ) is an Arabic dialect that is spoken in Sudan and South Sudan and is very similar to the dialects of Upper Egypt , but also the Hejaz .

It is spoken mainly in the north, west and east of these countries. Sudanese Arabic is divided into sub-dialects. The dialect spoken in the capital region of Khartoum / Omdurman is the most widespread and is also understood in the other regions. Standard Arabic is usually written .

The number of speakers in Sudan and South Sudan is around 15,000,000 (as of 1991) and around 3,986,000 (as of 1991) in Egypt , Ethiopia , Eritrea and Saudi Arabia .

Sudanese Arabic is considered one of the least explored Arabic dialects and, in turn, has had a strong influence on Juba Arabic in southern Sudan .

properties

جis usually as a voiceless palatal stop or depending on the word, often as a direct result in a consonant such as [j]: (IPA [⁠ c ⁠] ,)قlike [g] pronounced. As in Saudi Arabia, the negation takes place with the preceding ma- , in contrast to Egyptian Arabic without a second negative element -š .

Typical Sudanese expressions are: zōl (man), hassa (now), bākir (tomorrow), šiggēš (where to) (the latter two words are only used regionally).

Sudanese idioms

  • تعرف؟ taʿrif - literally just means you know? , in Sudan this is often used analogously as do you speak / understand Arabic?
  • كيف؟ Keef - literally just how? , but in Sudan as a complete How are you? what the typical answer depending on the region *تمام, tamām orانا شديد, Ana šadīd is.
  • مش / مش كدا؟ muš / muš kida - used at the end of a sentence after a statement, as in English isn't it? Muš for itself is a particle for negating nominal sentences.
  • في شنو؟ fī šino - roughly what is going on? . Also used if you did not understand the conversation partner in the sense of pardon?
  • داير شنو؟ Dāir šino - What do you want? , also as above as What's up? . A special feature is the often neglected adaptation by ة to female addresses or several people, who are thus addressed in the male form singular.
  • اسمع asmaʿ - imperative of to hear, so listen! . Here, too, the very often neglected adaptation to female addresses or to several people is striking.

Sudanese structure words

As in all Arabic dialects, the structural words vary greatly from the standard language, which often makes understanding particularly difficult for the learner. Therefore, here is a short list of some important structure words:

  • وين- ween - where
  • بعدين- baʿdeen - after
  • يمب- yamb - next to
  • منو- mino - who
  • شنو - šino - What
  • متين or بتين- miteen or biteen - when
  • قدام- giddām - spatially in front of something
  • هسة or هسي- hassa or hassī - now
  • في- - in addition to the high-level language meaning in also as there is , i.e. analogous to standard Arabic jūğadu and tūğadu .
  • داير- dāir - used like the German auxiliary verb want, unchangeable except for the gender adaptation to the reference person.
  • لازم- lāzim - used like the German auxiliary verb haben , absolutely unchangeable.
  • ممكن- mumkin - used like the German auxiliary verb kann , also in the sense of it is possible / allowed, absolutely unchangeable.

See also

literature

  • Randolph Galla: gibberish, Sudanese-Arabic word for word . 1st edition. Reise Know-How Verlag, Bielefeld 1997, ISBN 3-89416-302-X

Web links