Cumulative localization
The cumulative localization is a specific form of localization of auditory events that is fundamental for stereophonic stereo loudspeaker reproduction. This makes the illusion of spatial sound reproduction (as opposed to mono ) possible.
If a stereo recording is played over two loudspeakers that are about ear height in front of the listener, a sound field is superimposed in the room that creates a stereo sound impression on the center line between the loudspeakers. The listener should ideally be in this sweet spot in the middle in front of the stereo loudspeakers.
The summing localization effect is the example of a speaker beschallung explained. If two loudspeakers L1 and 2 emit exactly the same sound signal synchronously and in the correct phase (i.e. with the same frequency composition and the same sound level ), then a listener located on the center perpendicular of the loudspeaker base does not locate two separate signals at L1 and L2, but only a composite signal in the middle of the Base width , namely a fictitious transmitter, called a phantom sound source .
If one continuously increases the sound level of L1 compared to L2, the phantom sound source moves along the loudspeaker base in order to coincide completely with L1 at a level difference greater than ∆ L = 18 dB (16 dB to 20 dB), i.e. This means that the localization impression is created entirely to the side, i.e. 100% direction of the auditory event , from the direction of one of the two loudspeakers. On the other hand, radiates z. If, for example, L1 is not synchronized with L2, but earlier, the audible impression is that only the loudspeaker L1 is emitting even with the small time difference greater than ∆ t = 1.5 ms (1 ms to 2 ms).
The loudspeaker signals are made up of interchannel level differences and transit time differences .
See also
- Stereo triangle
- Elevation (sound engineering) | Localization sharpness
- Runtime stereophony | Intensity stereophony | Equivalence stereophony | Recording area
- List of audio terms
literature
- Michael Dickreiter , Volker Dittel, Wolfgang Hoeg, Martin Wöhr (eds.): Manual of the recording studio technology. 8th, revised and expanded edition, 2 volumes, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston, 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-028978-7 or e- ISBN 978-3-11-031650-6 .
- Thomas Görne: Sound engineering. 1st edition, Carl Hanser Verlag, Leipzig, 2006, ISBN 3-446-40198-9 .
Web links
- Sum localization through superimposed signals on each ear (PDF file; 95 kB)
- Cumulative localization of phantom sound sources (PDF file; 120 kB)
- A contribution to understanding the cumulative localization by Hans-Joachim Platte and Klaus Genuit (PDF file; 219 kB)