Super diversity

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Superdiversity (English Superdiversity or Super-diversity ) is a social science concept that was introduced by the American sociologist Steven Vertovec to describe the complexity of highly diverse societies.

term

The term was first used in 2007 by the American sociologist Steven Vertovec. He was pointing out that modern societies like the UK are many times more diverse than they ever were before. The classic concept of diversity was therefore considered in intercultural research , especially in integration research, along the ethnicity dimension . The term superdiversity is intended to expand the classic concept of diversity in such a way that society is no longer divided into homogeneous groups, but that these groups are also intrinsically diverse (“diversification of diversity”). With this approach, migrant groups are further differentiated and other dimensions (e.g. residence permit, labor market participation, gender roles, age, housing situation and social environment) and their interaction gain in importance. The predictability of the " migrant category " and the socio-cultural phenomena associated with it are no longer given. "Established large categories" such as "Turkish" or "Afghan" lose their meaning, "because the groups they describe themselves are characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity."

In addition, according to Vertovec, new migration movements often encounter societies that are already diverse. This means that a new level of diversity is laid on top of the existing one: super- diversity is created. This new social complexity requires a new summary term .

The main characteristic of the Super diversity is the interaction of different dimensions from the country of origin (eg. As ethnicity, language, local identity, cultural values and practices), migration (Engl. " Migration Channel" ) (z. B. Influence of gender, presence of social networks ) and legal status (e.g. legal status, housing situation, socio-economic implications).

Vertovec himself points out that the idea of ​​the different dimensions of diversity is not new, but the stronger dynamic of their interaction in an immigration society makes the term superdiversity appropriate as an umbrella term.

Even if the English term Superdiversity is a lot more common, Vertovec uses the translation Superdiversity for the German-speaking area .

Resonance of the term

Originally developed to describe the social structure in London (2007), the term is used for a “multidimensional perspective on diversity” and the impact on integration in primarily urban immigration societies around the world. The term has also found an impact in other scientific disciplines than sociology, especially in geography, ethnology, sociolinguistics and public health. According to Vertovec in a review of 326 related publications, the term has meanwhile become partly independent and has different meanings than the originally intended.

Superdiversity is also considered in urban planning, for example using the examples of Rotterdam and Lisbon .

In sociolinguistics, the term Super diversity among others provided by Blommaert / Rompart in a reference to linguistic anthropology and helps in the investigation of the interaction of socio Trat, culture and language.

In Germany, the Max Planck Institute for Research on Multi-Religious and Multi-Ethnic Societies at the University of Göttingen is primarily concerned with the term. A well-known specific institute in England is the Institute for Research into Superdiversity at the University of Birmingham . In the Netherlands, the Babylon Center for the Study of Superdiversity was founded at Tilburg University .

Social effects of superdiversity

According to Vertovec, superdiversity creates new networks, hierarchies and stratifications within society. This goes hand in hand with intensified discussions, also from new perspectives, on the following topics of the integration discourse:

  • Discrimination and racism (e.g. the critical whiteness theory),
  • Living situations and segregation,
  • Questions of identity, cosmopolitanism and aspects of creolization (e.g. multilingualism),
  • New migration routes and secondary migration (e.g. immigration of groups who previously had little connection to the destination country, e.g. Algerians via France to Great Britain),
  • Linking transnationalism and integration (z. B. the question whether transnationalism integration disabled or promotes).

Paul Spoonley ( Massey University and IZA ) points out that superdiverse cities and regions are often particularly productive and innovative and that diversity stimulates consumption and investment, but on the other hand also brings tensions, since the majority society has lost identifying features and concerns about the continued existence of the social cohesion. The reservations about diversity could lead to discrimination.

Jens Schneider points out that in a superdiverse society the “common idea of integration [loses] its meaning. It is becoming more and more unclear who has to integrate where and how, as everyone necessarily has to adapt in one way or another. "

literature

  • Angela Creese / Adrian Backledge: The Routledge Handbook of Language and Superdiversity. New York, Routledge, 2018, ISBN 978-1-138-90509-2 .
  • Steven Vertovec : Super-diversity and its implication. In: Ethnic and Racial Studies . Vol. 30, No. 6, 2007, pp. 1024-1054 [1] .
  • Steven Vertovec: Super Diversity. (Heinrich Böll Foundation) [2] .
  • Steven Vertovec: Reading Super-diversity. In: Bridget Anderson / Michael Keith: Migration: The COMPAS Anthology . University of Oxford, Compas, pp. 92f. [3] .
  • Steven Vertovec: Talking around super-diversity. In: Ethnic and Racial Studies , Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 125-139 [4] .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Steven Vertovec : Super-diversity and its implications . In: Ethnic and Racial Studies . tape 30 , no. 6 , 2007, p. 1024-1026 ( muni.cz [PDF]).
  2. ↑ a b c Steven Vertovec: Superdiversity. Heinrich Böll Foundation, November 18, 2012, accessed on April 18, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Beatriz Padilla, Antonia Olmos Alcaraz, Joana Azevedo: Etnografías de la convivialidad y superdiversidad: reflexiones metodológicas . In: Andamios . tape 15 , no. 36 , 2018, p. 15 .
  4. ↑ a b Maurice Crul, Jens Schneider, Frans Lelie: Super Diversity: A New Perspective on integration . VU University Press, Amsterdam 2013, p. 14 .
  5. ^ A b Jan Blommaert, Ben Rampton: Language and Superdiversity . In: Diversitites . tape 13 , no. 2 , 2011, p. 2-4, 16 ( unesco.org ).
  6. ↑ a b Jens Schneider: Superdiversity - What is it anyway? In: Körber Foundation (Ed.): The Superdiverse City . Hamburg 2017, p. 2 ( koerber-stiftung.de [PDF]).
  7. ↑ Steven Vertovec, Daniel Hiebert, Alan Gamlen, Paul Spoonley: Superdiversity. Retrieved April 18, 2020 .
  8. ↑ a b Steven Vertovec: Super-diversity. Max Planck Institute for Research on Multi-Religious and Multi-Ethnic Societies, accessed on April 18, 2020 .
  9. ↑ a b c Steven Vertovec: Talking around super-diversity . In: Ethnic and Racial Studies . tape 42 , no. 1 , 2019, p. 126 f ., doi : 10.1080 / 01419870.2017.1406128 .
  10. ↑ Paul Mepschen: A discourse of displacement: super-diversity, urban citizenship, and the politics of autochthony in Amsterdam . In: Ethnic and Racial Studies . tape 42 , no. 1 , 2019, p. 71-88 ( tandfonline.com ).
  11. ↑ Maurice Crul: Super-diversity vs. assimilation: how complex diversity in majority – minority cities challenges the assumptions of assimilation . In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies . tape 42 , no. 1 , 2016, p. 54-68 ( tandfonline.com ).
  12. ↑ see also "Superdiversity index per community and district" (Germany) published by the Körber Foundation: http://i360.maps.arcgis.com/apps/PublicInformation/index.html?appid=29c5d7fa9ad547ab9dd0f242af664c47
  13. ↑ Steven Vertovec: Talking around super-diversity . In: Ethnic and Racial Studies . tape 424 , no. 1 , 2019, p. 133 , doi : 10.1080 / 01419870.2017.1406128 .
  14. ↑ Peter Scholten, Maurice Crul, Paul van de Laar: Coming to Terms with Superdiversity: The Case of Rotterdam . Springer, Cham, 2019, ISBN 978-3-319-96041-8 .
  15. ^ Nuno Oliveira, Beatriz Padilla: Integrating superdiversity in urban governance: The case of inner-city Lisbon . In: Policy & Politics 45 . No. October 4 , 2017, doi : 10.1332 / 030557317X14835601760639 .
  16. ^ Angela Creese, Adrian Backledge: Towards a sociolinguistics of superdiversity - On a sociolinguistics of superdiversity . In: Journal for Educational Sciences . No. 13 , 2010, p. 549-572 , doi : 10.1007 / s11618-010-0159-y .
  17. ↑ Karel Arnaut, Martha Sif Karrebaek, Massimiliano Spotti, Jan Blommaert (Eds.): Engaging Superdiversity - Recombining Spaces, Times and Language Practices . 2017, ISBN 978-1-78309-679-4 .
  18. ↑ https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/superdiversity-institute/about/index.aspx
  19. ↑ https://www.tilburguniversity.edu/research/institutes-and-research-groups/babylon
  20. ↑ Steven Vertovec: Super-diversity and its implications . In: Ethnic and Racial Studies . tape 30 , no. 6 , 2007, p. 1045 f . ( muni.cz [PDF]).
  21. ↑ Paul Spoonley: Superdiversity, Social Cohesion, and Economic Success . In: IZA - World of Labor . No. 46 , 2014 ( iza.org [PDF]).