Synagogue Bunde

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Bundles on a postcard from around 1900. In the front left you can see the front of the former synagogue.

The former synagogue in Bunde is a partially preserved synagogue in East Frisia . The Bunde Jewish Community had it built around 1846. Since the end of the 19th century, economic reasons resulted in an increased exodus of Jews (as well as non-Jewish sections of the population) from Bunde. During the time of National Socialism , many parishioners left the place, so that the number of people attending the service was no longer sufficient. The community therefore sold its synagogue in July 1938 and then dissolved. The synagogue is still standing today, but cannot be recognized as such due to several renovations.

history

The former synagogue in 2012 after several renovations.

The local Jewish population, whose beginnings probably go back to the year 1670, apparently felt strong enough to found their own community and maintain a synagogue around the middle of the 19th century. In order to be able to finance this, she applied to the competent Jemgum office for permission to carry out a collection . The office forwarded this application to Landdrostei Aurich . In a statement, however, the authority indicated that the number of Jews living in Bunde was insufficient to maintain a synagogue in the opinion of the authority. The Landdrostei followed this opinion. It rejected the collection in a letter dated April 30, 1845 and asked the community to better justify the need to build a synagogue.

After that, a synagogue was built on Kreuzstrasse (today Kirchring 23) under the direction of Abraham Halevy. This is indicated by the inscription on his gravestone in Neuschanz. There it says: “Here rests a righteous and popular man, truly praised by everyone, shepherd of his community in righteousness and righteousness, the people of his people praised him, the rulers honored him, his memory should not end even in the most distant generations, He gave of his bread to the poor and the weak, he had the door of the synagogue firmly fixed and laid the stone for its foundation, the head of the congregation and leader in the community Bunde, the Lord Abraham, son of the Lord Joseph Halevi, who died on Wednesday the 20th Sivan and was buried on the eve of the Sabbath on the 22nd of the month 6 2 2 (1862 June 18) ”. There is also an inventory list from 1854, which proves that Bunde had an elementary school and a synagogue at the latest at that time. In 1883 the community built a new school building that also housed a mikveh .

Until 1925 the number of Jewish residents of the place increased. Afterwards the economic situation deteriorated noticeably. Many parishioners then left their homes. A proper community life became more and more difficult. In February 1930, the community leader Julius Watermann declared the community to be virtually insolvent at a meeting of community leaders in Northwest Germany. According to Watermann, there is no money to pay the teacher and the synagogue has been closed since last year's Feast of Tabernacles .

In January 1933, 52 Jews were still living in Bunde. More than half of them were 40 years or older. During the time of National Socialism , a total of 38 other parishioners left the place by the beginning of November 1938, so that the number of people attending the service was no longer sufficient. The community then sold their synagogue to the merchant Barfs in July 1938. The final sermon in the synagogue was given by the regional rabbi Samuel Blum and the local community leader Abraham Riess. After that, the community disbanded. During the November pogroms in 1938 , the synagogue remained undamaged, although there were riots in Bunde against the local Jewish population. The synagogue is still standing today, but can no longer be recognized as such due to several renovations. Since June 1, 2015, the youth office of the municipality of Bunde has its seat in the building.

literature

  • Harm Wiemann: On the history of the Jews in Bunde . In: Herbert Reyer, Martin Tielke (Ed.): Frisia Judaica. Contributions to the history of the Jews in East Frisia . Aurich 1988 (= treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia. Volume 67). Pp. 163-170.
  • Bundles . In The End of the Jews in East Friesland. Catalog for the exhibition of the East Frisian landscape on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Kristallnacht. Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1988, ISBN 3-925365-41-9 . Pp. 43/44
  • Daniel Fraenkel: Bundles. In: Herbert Obenaus (Ed. In collaboration with David Bankier and Daniel Fraenkel): Historical manual of the Jewish communities in Lower Saxony and Bremen . Wallstein, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-753-5 , pp. 380-384.

Web links

Commons : Kirchring 23 (Bunde)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Daniel Fraenkel: Bunde. In: Herbert Obenaus (Ed. In collaboration with David Bankier and Daniel Fraenkel): Historical manual of the Jewish communities in Lower Saxony and Bremen . Wallstein, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-753-5 , pp. 380-384. P. 383.
  2. ^ Daniel Fraenkel: Bunde. In: Herbert Obenaus (Ed. In collaboration with David Bankier and Daniel Fraenkel): Historical manual of the Jewish communities in Lower Saxony and Bremen . Wallstein, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-753-5 , pp. 380-384. P. 381.
  3. ↑ a b c Daniel Fraenkel: Bunde. In: Herbert Obenaus (Ed. In collaboration with David Bankier and Daniel Fraenkel): Historical manual of the Jewish communities in Lower Saxony and Bremen . Wallstein, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-753-5 , pp. 380-384. P. 382.
  4. ↑ Harm Wiemann: On the history of the Jews in Bunde . In: Herbert Reyer, Martin Tielke (Ed.): Frisia Judaica. Contributions to the history of the Jews in East Frisia . Aurich 1988 (= treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia. Volume 67). Pp. 163-170.
  5. ^ Synagogue Bunde near Alemannia Judaica . Retrieved July 8, 2015.
  6. ↑ Harm Wiemann: On the history of the Jews in Bunde . In: Herbert Reyer, Martin Tielke (Ed.): Frisia Judaica. Contributions to the history of the Jews in East Frisia . Aurich 1988 (= treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia. Volume 67). Pp. 163-170. Here pp. 163–164
  7. ^ Rheiderland-Zeitung of May 21, 2015: Youth office before moving to the old synagogue . Retrieved July 8, 2015.

Coordinates: 53 ° 11 ′ 8.6 ″  N , 7 ° 16 ′ 17.2 ″  E