Landdrostei Aurich

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Landdrostei Aurich
Seat Aurich
Inventory period 1823-1885
surface 3,108.79 km² (1880)
Residents 211,652 (1880)
Population density 68 inhabitants / km² (1880)
Cities 5 (1885)
Offices 8 (1885)
Landdrostei Aurich (1859)

The Landdrostei Aurich was an administrative district of the Kingdom of Hanover and the Prussian Province of Hanover in the 19th century . It was the direct predecessor of the Prussian (after 1945: Lower Saxony ) administrative district of Aurich .

history

From 1744 to 1806, East Friesland was a Prussian province with Aurich as the seat of government authorities. After East Friesland belonged to the Kingdom of Holland after 1806 , then from 1810 to the Empire of France and from 1813 to 1815 again to Prussia, it became part of the Kingdom of Hanover following the agreements of the Congress of Vienna . Provincial authorities were formed to administer the kingdom in 1816, which mainly combined different areas of law; Landdrostei were formed in 1823, and the Landdrostei Aurich was created for the Principality of East Friesland. After the Kingdom of Hanover became the Prussian Province of Hanover in 1867 , the Hanoverian Landdrosteien initially remained. Since April 1, 1873, the Prussian jade area and the city of Wilhelmshaven belonged to the Aurich Landdrostei and formed an exclave separated by the Oldenburg area. In 1885, the Aurich administrative district was formed from the Aurich Landdrostei according to the Prussian administrative structure. At the same time, the Hanoverian offices were replaced by rural districts .

Landdroste

The Landdrost was the highest official of the Landdrostei. His office was comparable to that of a district president.

Administrative division (1814–1852)

Up until October 1, 1852, the Aurich Landdrostei was subdivided into sovereign or royal offices, aristocratic glories and cities, the delimitations of which were repeatedly changed in detail, but were based on structures, some of which were centuries old, until the middle of the 19th century.

Offices

Of the total of 11 offices, Aurich, Emden, Leer and Norden had to investigate and decide criminal matters in addition to civil justice. In this respect, they were also responsible for the official areas of the seven other offices, namely Aurich for Esens and Wittmund, Emden for Greetsiel, Leer for Jemgum, Stickhausen and Weener, and Norden for the Berum office. The official seats were in the namesake cities, although these were themselves only under their own magistrates and had their own civil and criminal courts.

Office Aurich

The Aurich office included four administrative bailiffs (Aurich, Timmel , Holtrop and Victorbur ) with nine affiliated sub-bailiffs. The city of Aurich (today's core city) was not part of the office as an independent city.

The Aurich District Bailiwick consisted of the Aurich sub- bailiwick (also known as the “house bailiff”) and the Middels and Riepe sub- bailiffs . The Untervogtei Aurich included the places Egels , Extum , Haxtum , Kirchdorf , Plaggenburg , Popens , Rahe , Sandhorst and Tannenhausen including the domain Meerhusen. The Untervogtei Middels included the village of the same name as well as Langefeld , Pfalzdorf , Ogenbargen and Spekendorf . The two sub-bailiffs thus covered large parts of today's Aurich urban area. The Untervogtei Riepe consisted of the eponymous place as well as Bangstede , Barstede , Bedekaspel , Forlitz-Blaukirchen , Ochtelbur , Riepster Hammrich , Westerende-Holzloog , Westerende-Kirchloog and Wiegboldsbur . It included the west of today's municipality of Ihlow and the south of today's municipality of Südbrookmerland .

The Amtsvogtei Timmel consisted of the subordinate Bailiffs Timmel and Bagband . In addition to the main town, the Untervogtei Timmel also included the villages of Ayenwolde , West- and Ost- Großefehn , Hatshausen , Boekzetelerfehn , Jheringsfehn , Neuefehn and Ulbargen , thus extending over the central area of ​​today's Großefehn and the north of today's municipality of Moormerland . In addition to the village itself, the villages of Strackholt , Fiebing , Neuemoor , Südermoor , Spetzerfehn , Voßbarg and Zwischenbergen also belonged to the Untervogtei Bagband . The Untervogtei thus comprised places in the south of today's municipality of Großefehn as well as districts of today's municipalities of Wiesmoor (Voßbarg, Zwischenbergen) and Hesel (Neuemoor, Südermoor).

The district bailiff Holtrop had the sub bailiffs Holtrop and Weene. The Untervogtei Holtrop consisted of the eponymous place and the villages Akelsbarg , Aurich-Oldendorf , Brockzetel , Felde , Wiesens and Wrisse - that is, the north of today's municipality of Großefehn and the extreme southwest of Aurich. The Untervogtei Weene included the place of the same name as well as Hüllenerfehn , Ihlowerfehn , Ihlowerhörn , Lübbertsfehn , Ludwigsdorf , Ostersander , Schirum and Westersander , thus the east of today's municipality of Ihlow and the southernmost district of Aurich (Schirum).

The district bailiwick Victorbur consisted of the sub bailiwicks Victorbur and Marienhafe. The Untervogtei Victorbur was made up of the main town and the villages of Ekels , Engerhafe, Fehnhusen, Moordorf , Moorhusen , Münkeboe , Oldeborg , Theene and Uthwerdum , thus encompassing the north of today's municipality of Südbrookmerland . The Untervogtei Marienhafe consisted of the spots of the same name as well as Rechtsupweg , Siegelum , Tjüche and Upgant-Schott (at that time still as individual villages),

Office of Esen

The office of Esens comprised the district bailiffs "Esens (Sandstrich)", with the two sub-bailiffs Ochtersum and Stedesdorf, and "Esens (Kleistrich)" with the four sub-bailiffs Werdum, Westeraccum, Langeoog and Spiekeroog.

Wittmund Office

The Wittmund office comprised the Wittmund district bailiffs, with Wittmund and Leerhafe subordinate bailiffs, and Funnix with Berdum and Funnix subordinate bailiffs. In addition, since May 1, 1819, the small office Friedeburg belonged to it with the two bailiwicks Friedeburg and Horsten.

Office Emden

The office of Emden comprised two district bailiffs with five attached sub bailiffs. The city of Emden (today's core city) was not part of the office as an independent city. While the Amtsvogtei Wolthusen comprised the area east of Emden, the Amtsvogtei Larrelt included the northern and western Emden area.

The district bailiwick of Wolthusen consisted of the lower bailiffs of Oldersum and Jarßum . The Untervogtei Oldersum was made up of the main town and the villages of Gandersum , Rorichum , Simonswolde and Tergast . The Untervogtei Jarßum consisted of the main town as well as Borssum , Marienwehr , Petkum , Uphusen , Widdelswehr and Wolthusen and the island of Nesserland. While the Untervogtei Oldersum formed the north-west of today's municipality of Moormerland (plus the Ihlower district Simonswolde), the Untervogtei Jarssum consisted of the entire eastern area of ​​today's city of Emden.

The Larrelt district bailiff was divided into the three sub bailiffs Hinte , Larrelt and Loquard . The Untervogtei Hinte consisted of the eponymous place as well as Canhusen , Cirkwehrum , Harsweg , Loppersum , Osterhusen and Suurhusen . In addition to the main town, the former Hofstelle Constantia , Freepsum , Groß Midlum , Logumer Vorwerk , Twixlum , Westerhusen and Wybelsum belonged to the Untervogtei Larrelt . The Untervogtei Loquard consisted of the namesake place of the villages Campen , Canum , Rysum and Woltzeten . The area thus included the west of today's city of Emden, the community of Hinte and the south of the community of Krummhörn.

Office Greetsiel

The small office Greetsiel consisted of the district bailiffs Greetsiel, Pewsum and Borkum , with Greetsiel being divided into the sub bailiffs Eilsum and Grimersum, and Pewsum in the sub bailiffs Groothusen and Pilsum. It comprised the north of today's municipality of Krummhörn as well as Werdenum and the island of Borkum, for which Greetsiel was still the ferry port at that time.

The district bailiwick Greetsiel was subordinated to the subordinate bailiffs Eilsum and Grimersum . The Untervogtei Eilsum comprised the place of the same name as well as the spots Greetsiel with the smaller towns Hauen and Middelstewehr as well as the surrounding polders. The Lower Bailiwick of Grimersum also included the main town, the villages Visquard and Werdenum as well as Schoonorth and other polders in the area.

The district bailiwick Pewsum consisted of the lower bailiffs Groothusen and Pilsum . In addition to the town of the same name, the Untervogtei Groothusen also included the town of Pewsum and the villages of Hamswehrum , Upleward , Uttum and Woquard . The Untervogtei Pilsum consisted of Pilsum and Manslagt .

The district bailiwick of Borkum only comprised the then separate islands of Wester- and Osterborkum.

Office empty

The Amt Leer contained the Amtsvogtei Ihrhofe, which consisted of the Untervogteien Esclum and Steenfelde, and the Amtsvogtei Nüttermoor, consisting of the Untervogteien Neermoor and Nüttermoor.

Office of Jemgum

The small office of Jemgum consisted of the administrative bailiffs Jemgum and Ditzum . It included the northern Rheiderland .

The district bailiwick of Jemgum consisted of the sub bailiwicks Bingum and Midlum . The villages of Bingum, Böhmerwold and Holtgaste as well as the village of Jemgum belonged to the Untervogtei Bingum . The Untervogtei Midlum consisted of the town of the same name and the villages of Critzum , Hatzum , Marienchor , Nendorp and Oldendorp .

The sub-bailiwicks Ditzum and Bunder Polder were located in the district bailiwick of Ditzum. That place itself as well as Ditzumerhammrich and Pogum belonged to the Untervogtei Ditzum .

The district bailiwick of the Bunder Polder comprised landscape polders , Bunderhammrich and adjacent polders.

Stickhausen Office

The Stickhausen office contained the district bailiffs Detern (Untervogteien Detern and Nordmohr), Remels (Untervogteien Heesel and Remels) and Rhaude (with Untervogteien Backemoor and Rhaude).

Weener Office

The Weener office included the Weener (Untervogteien Stapelmoor and Weener), Bunda (Untervogtei Bunda and - without justice - the mayor of Papenburg).

Office north

The north office was divided into the first north bailiwick, consisting of the sub bailiffs Juist and Osteel, and the second north bailiwick, which had no sub bailiffs and administered the marshland west of the city north.

Office Berum

The office Berum finally contained the Amtsvogtei Berum (Untervogteien Hage, Hufschlag, Arle), the Amts- und Untervogtei Nesse and the Amtsvogtei Norderney (Untervogteien Norderney and Baltrum).

Glories

In the Principality of East Friesland there were, in addition to numerous aristocratic estates and scattered estates, which were subject to royal offices, there were also 5 glories (larger, closed complexes of property) in which the noble owners exercised sovereign rights and civil jurisdiction, while in criminal matters they were assigned to the nearby offices were. It was this

  • Glory Dornum of the Count of Munster,
  • Glory of Gödens des Count von Wedel (converted into a royal court in Neustadt-Gödens due to the assignment of jurisdiction from August 1, 1836)
  • Glory Jennelt of the Count of Inn- and Knyphausen,
  • Herrlichkeit Loga (or Evenburg) of Count von Wedel, (renounced the jurisdiction on August 1, 1836, the places belong to the office Leer since then) and
  • Glory Lütetsburg of the Count of Inn- and Knyphausen.

Cities

In matters of sovereignty, the cities of Aurich , Emden , Esens , Leer (only since 1823) and Norden were subordinated to the offices, but rather provided with their own statutes due to sovereign privileges . These cities were administered by their elected magistrates. Emden and Norden also had their own city courts, which were responsible for civil and criminal matters within the then city limits. Aurich, Esens and Leer belonged to the royal offices of the same name with regard to the administration of justice.

Administrative division (1852–1885)

After a comprehensive administrative and judicial reform since 1848, separating the administrative and judicial authorities as well as the abolition of patrimonial jurisdiction, there were fourteen offices and five independent cities in the Aurich Landdrostei in 1852. According to the basic idea of ​​the regulation of 1852, the business case in each office should be able to be handled by a single civil servant with a clerk and a clerk. Therefore, some offices have been split up to achieve a more uniform size. After a few years, the all too small districts were merged and the number of offices was reduced to eight. It stayed that way until 1885.

Independent cities

The five independent cities in the Landdrostei Aurich were Aurich , Emden , Esens , Leer and Norden .

Offices

Office Aurich

Since 1852, the Aurich district has included the current area of ​​the city of Aurich as well as large parts of the current municipalities of Ihlow and Südbrookmerland . The then city of Aurich was free of office. In 1859 the communities of the dissolved office of Timmel were added. In 1885 the Aurich district was formed from the city and office of Aurich .

Office Berum

In 1852, Berum included Berumbur , Dornum , Großheide , Hage , Hagermarsch , Halbemond and the island communities of Baltrum and Norderney . The office was named after the Berum farmers who now belong to Hage. In 1859 the Berum Office was merged with the North Office. The new office was initially called Amt Berum. In 1869 the official seat was moved to the north and the office was renamed to Amt Norden . In 1885 the North District was formed from the City and the North Office .

Office Emden

With the exception of the core town, the current area of ​​the city of Emden as well as parts of today's communities Hinte , Krummhörn and Moormerland belonged to the Amt Emden . The then city of Emden was free of office. In 1859 the communities of the dissolved Greetsiel office were added. In 1885, the Emden district was formed.

Office of Esen

With the exception of the city of Esens, the Esens office comprised the area of ​​today's integrated communities Esens and Holtriem as well as the island communities Langeoog and Spiekeroog . The city of Esens was officially vacant. In 1885 the office of Esen was opened in the Wittmund district .

Friedeburg Office

The Friedeburg office was largely congruent with today's municipality of Friedeburg . In 1859 the office was dissolved and incorporated into the Wittmund office.

Office Greetsiel

Large parts of today's municipality of Krummhörn, as well as Werdenum and the island municipality of Borkum belonged to Greetsiel . Official residence of the after spots Greetsiel named Office was Pewsum . In 1859 the office was dissolved and incorporated into the office of Emden.

Office of Jemgum

The office of Jemgum was largely congruent with today's municipality of Jemgum . In 1859 the office was dissolved and incorporated into the Weener office.

Office empty

Large parts of the present-day city of Leer and the present-day communities of Westoverledingen and Moormerland belonged to the Leer office . The then city of Leer remained vacant. In 1885 the Leer office became part of the larger Leer district .

Office north

With the exception of the core city, the present area of ​​the city of Norden as well as Lütetsburg , Leezdorf , Marienhafe , Osteel , Rechtsupweg , Upgant , Schott and the island community of Juist belonged to the north office . In 1859 the North Office was merged with the Berum Office. The new office was initially called Amt Berum and since 1869 again Amt Norden. In 1885 the North District was formed from the City and the North Office .

Office of Remels

The Remels office was re-established in 1852 from a part of the old Stickhausen office. It essentially comprised the area of ​​the present-day combined communities of Hesel and Jümme and the area of ​​the present-day community of Uplengen . The office was named after the village of Remels, which is now part of Uplengen. In 1859 the office was dissolved and reintegrated into the Stickhausen office.

Stickhausen Office

The Stickhausen office, named after Stickhausen Castle , has essentially comprised the area of ​​the present-day communities of Ostrhauderfehn and Rhauderfehn since 1852 . In 1859 the communities of the dissolved office of Remels were added. In 1885 the Stickhausen office opened in the new Leer district .

Office Timmel

The Timmel Office was re-established in 1852 from a part of the old Aurich Office. It included places in the area of ​​today's communities Moormerland , Großefehn and Ihlow as well as today's city of Wiesmoor . It was named after the village of Timmel , which is now part of Großefehn. In 1859 the office was dissolved and reintegrated into the Aurich office.

Weener Office

The current area of ​​the municipality of Bunde and the city of Weener essentially belonged to the Weener office . In 1859 the parishes of the dissolved office of Jemgum were added. In 1885, the Weener District was formed from the enlarged Weener Office .

Wittmund Office

The Wittmund office essentially comprised the area of ​​today's town of Wittmund . In 1859 the municipalities of the dissolved Friedeburg office were added. Since April 1, 1873, Wilhelmshaven also belonged to the Wittmund office and formed an exclave separated by Oldenburg territory . In 1885, the Wittmund office and Wilhelmshaven became part of the larger Wittmund district .

literature

  • “The Landdrostei Aurich.” In: Hermann Mansholt / Matthias Blazek: The Beningafehn Moorsiedlung. A contribution to the moor colonization in East Frisia. Research paper from 2002, GRIN Verlag, Munich 2020, ISBN 978-3-346-19916-4 , p. 72 ff.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 1880 census
  2. ^ District regulations for the province of Hanover (1884) .
  3. ↑ Jansen, Curt Heinrich Conrad Friedrich: Statistical Manual of the Kingdom of Hanover, 1824, p. 7 .
  4. ↑ Statistical Handbook for the Kingdom of Hanover 1848 .
  5. ^ Ordinance on the reallocation of offices in 1852 .
  6. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of administrative offices in 1859 .
  7. ↑ a b Date of the renaming of the Berum office .