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Krummhörn municipality
Coat of arms of Eilsum
Coordinates: 53 ° 28 ′ 23 "  N , 7 ° 8 ′ 27"  E
Height : 1  (0-1)  m
Area : 11.09 km²
Residents : 569  (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 51 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1972
Postal code : 26736
Area code : 04923
map
Card of the Krummhörn

The village of Eilsum is part of the municipality of Krummhörn , district of Aurich , and has 569 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2018).

geography

Eilsum than Warftendorf a pile settlement . It is located about 13 kilometers northwest of Emden and just under 5 kilometers northeast of Pewsum. The village was built at a height of 5.8  m above sea level. NHN on a narrow strip of Kalkmarsch running from northeast to southwest . Kleimarsch borders in the north, east and partly in the west . In the west, however, you can also find Knickmarsch . In total, the district covers an area of ​​11.09 square kilometers.

history

Eilsum, an East Frisian Warfendorf , is one of the oldest settlements on the Frisian northwest coast. The community is mentioned in documents as a village in the 14th century under the names Edelsum , Ethilsum and Edelsheim . These names could already be read in the parish register of Münster towards the end of the 15th century.

According to Otto Galama Houtrouw , "Sibrandus in Ethilsum", who is mentioned in a document dated July 7, 1370, was one of the first chiefs of the village . Of the castle inhabited by him and his successors, only the castle site remains. The associated lands have long since passed into the possession of the local farmers.

Lothar de Riese makes interesting remarks about the location of the village in earlier times: "In the old days there was a sewer in the village , the place is still called 'Faldern' or 'Rindelshafen'" , which was responsible for the drainage of the Greetmer Office and north of Grimersum flowed into the Leybucht . Before the dikes began, the lake water reached the village of Eilsum when the tide was high . In 1461 the old sewer was demolished because it was completely silted up and rebuilt at Angernwehr . Around 150 years later it was again so muddy that in 1605 a canal had to be dug halfway from Eilsum to Greetsiel . A dead water arm, the Oll 'Deep, is reminiscent of this former sewer basin.

In the north of Eilsum there are two smaller throws in the field mark. On a third quarry near the village, the remains of human dwellings were found during the removal of the earth. Skeleton finds that were made when a silo was built in 1935 should also be mentioned. Four human skeletons lay at a depth of about 2.25 m below the surface of the earth.

According to an expert, it was burials from the Carolingian period (8th to 9th centuries AD) at a burial site that was used before the church was built and the current cemetery was built. Shards of spherical pots from the Carolingian period in the same layer of earth confirmed the accuracy of the information.

In 1744 Eilsum fell to Prussia like all of East Frisia . In 1756 the Prussian officials compiled a statistical trade survey for East Friesland. That year there were 20 merchants and craftsmen in Eilsum (with Middelstewehr and Hösingwehr: 22), including four shoemakers, three bakers, two linen weavers, blacksmiths and carpenters and one cooper, glazier, bricklayer, wheel maker and tailor each. The two merchants traded in salt, tobacco and soap, the second also in butter, tea and coffee. A bricklayer was also found in Middelstewehr and a tailor in Hösingwehr.

Eilsum belonged to the Greetsiel Office (1824) in the Hanoverian period of East Friesland and together with the town of Greetsiel and the surrounding small towns and farms such as Hauen and Middelstewehr formed the sub-bailiwick of Eilsum within the Greetsiel district bailiff, in which roughly the northern Krummhörn between Greetsiel and Wirdum was summarized. The other lower bailiwick had its seat in Grimersum.

In the course of the Hanoverian office reform in 1859, the Greetsiel office was dissolved and added to the Emden office, since then Eilsum has belonged to the latter. During the Prussian district reform in 1885 , the Emden district was formed from the Emden district , to which Eilsum subsequently belonged.

For centuries, the natural depths and drainage channels that crisscross the Krummhörn in a dense network were the most important modes of transport. Not only the villages but also many farms were connected to the city of Emden and the port of Greetsiel via ditches and canals. The boat traffic with Emden via the Alte Greetsieler Sieltief was particularly important. Village boatmen took over the supply of goods from the city and delivered agricultural products in the opposite direction: “From the Sielhafenort, smaller ships, so-called Loog ships, transported the cargo to the inland and supplied the marsh villages (loog = village). The loog ships from the Krummhörn enlivened the canals of the city of Emden until the 20th century. "

Peat, which was mostly extracted in the East Frisian Fehnen , played an important role as heating material for the inhabitants of the Krummhörn for centuries . The peat ships brought the material on the East Frisian canal network to the Krummhörn villages, including to Eilsum. On their way back into the Fehnsiedlungen the Torfschiffer often took clay soil from the march and the manure of cattle with which they their home were dug fertilized land.

In April 1919 there were so-called "bacon removals" from Emden workers, which were followed by rioting on the farm workers. Together with the Rheiderland , the district of Emden was the part of East Frisia most affected by this unrest. Workers broke into the surrounding villages in closed trains and stole food from farmers in clashes. The situation only calmed down after the deployment of the Reichswehr troops stationed in the region . As a reaction to this, resident groups were formed in almost all villages in the Emden area . The Eilsum resident army comprised 33 people. These had 14 weapons. The resident services were only dissolved after a corresponding decree by the Prussian Interior Minister Carl Severing on April 10, 1920.

On July 1, 1972, Eilsum was incorporated into the new municipality of Krummhörn.

Development of the place name

Eilsum is first mentioned in 1370 as Ethilsum . Later names were Eddelsum (1439), Elsum (1442) and Eylsum (1625). The current spelling has been used since 1696. The name is a combination of the nickname Ethil or Edilo with home . Hence it means home of the clan of Ethil .

Historical maps of Eilsum

politics

The mayor is Siegfried Wübbena.

Culture and sights

In the middle of the village, on the highest point of the Warf, surrounded by groups of houses up to the west side, stands the church of the community, the Eilsumer Church , which can be seen from afar . Built between 1240 and 1250, it is the only choir tower church in East Frisia . De Riese writes:

“It is worthwhile for every art connoisseur to get to know the mighty church, which some may seem far too big for a farming village , and its 36 m high tower. The church is built with large-format bricks, the belt is made of sandstone. The huge tower stands - an exception - crooked in front of the east gable of the church. The arches of windows that rise towards the middle of the long walls are certainly an architectural peculiarity. The building was originally supposed to have been laid out as a three-aisled basilica , but only the high central nave was built . "

Church in Eilsum

The bronze baptismal font from the 15th century is a cultural and historical rarity . Pastor B. Krüger, who was in office in Eilsum around 1860, wrote of the jewel in his village church that it could serve as an ornament to the largest cathedral . The kettle of the baptismal font is carried by the four evangelists and was cast by Barthold Klinghe the Elder in 1472 . Next to it is the hexagonal pulpit .

As a special kind treasure is the 1,964 discovered and 1969/70 exposed fresco-secco to look church in built around 1250 Eilsumer. In contrast to the fresco painting applied directly to damp plaster , the secco painting is applied to dried plaster . Lime waste from the walls and the ceiling made this unique work of art visible, which is now visited by art historians from many countries. Particular attention is paid to the St. Luke animal , who expresses the joy of color and creativity of church art of that time. Further wall paintings are suspected to be in other churches in the north district .

Until 1917 there were three bells in the tower. One of them was already confiscated during the First World War , the second in the Second World War for “special recycling”. The third still existing H-bell has the following inscription:

"1775 is dese gooten toen Ian H Stromann en Ian Meinders as Kerkvoogden tot Eilsum en Iohannes Stirmann oudstle Predicant in deeze were meant Ik roep het Volk tot Cristi Leer de Dooden bewys ik hair laaste Eer Ook as he Saken syn van t Gemeen roep ick door My Stem het Volk bieen Gebruickt my niet tot Ydelheit op datt U goal geen Schade deit. Claudius Fremy Mammeus Fremy Heidefeldt me fecerundt. "

A second bell has been hanging in the church tower since 1996. It is tuned to tone E and was manufactured by the Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock foundry in Gescher, Westphalia .

The striking gate with the inscription attached as a reminder to the village community: "Ken U Zelven" ( Know yourself ) once gave the church square a worthy end.

Strikingly, standing on the mound only three "Plaatsen", others are at the foot of the mound or on the five "weirs" Hoesingwehr, Bolkewehr, Middelstewehr, Anger military and Uiterstewehr. 50 to 100 years ago, some courtyards were demolished or reduced in size so that they can no longer be called “plaatsen”.

Personalities

literature

  • North district: Panorama of the north district

Web links

Commons : Eilsum  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Ortschronisten der Ostfriesischen Landschaft: Eilsum (PDF file; 1.1 MB)

Individual evidence

  1. a b local chronicles of the East Frisian landscape: Eilsum (PDF file; 1.1 MB), accessed on April 18, 2013.
  2. ^ Karl Heinrich Kaufhold , Uwe Wallbaum (ed.): Historical statistics of the Prussian province of East Friesland (sources on the history of East Friesland, Volume 16), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1998, ISBN 3-932206-08-8 , p. 387.
  3. ^ Curt Heinrich Conrad Friedrich Jansen: Statistical Handbook of the Kingdom of Hanover 1824. P. 166, accessed on May 21, 2013.
  4. Ordinance on the reorganization of administrative offices 1859. pp. 675f., Accessed on May 21, 2013.
  5. ^ Harm Wiemann / Johannes Engelmann: Old streets and ways in East Frisia . Self-published, Pewsum 1974, p. 169 (East Frisia in the protection of the dyke; 8)
  6. ^ Gunther Hummerich: The peat shipping of the Fehntjer in Emden and the Krummhörn in the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Emder Yearbook for Historical Regional Studies in Ostfriesland , Volume 88/89 (2008/2009), pp. 142–173, here p. 163.
  7. Hans Bernhard Eden: The Resident Services of Ostfriesland from 1919 to 1921. In: Emder Yearbook for Historical Country Studies of Ostfriesland , Vol. 65 (1985), pp. 81-134, here pp. 94, 98, 105, 114.
  8. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 263 f .
  9. Archived copy ( memento of the original dated August 4, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Municipality of Krummhörn localities @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.krummhoern.de
  10. Eilsum Klok. Retrieved July 13, 2017 .