Visquard

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Visquard
Krummhörn municipality
Visquard coat of arms
Coordinates: 53 ° 28 ′ 10 "  N , 7 ° 5 ′ 52"  E
Height : 6 m above sea level NN
Area : 10.06 km²
Residents : 693  (December 31, 2012)
Population density : 69 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1972
Postal code : 26736
Area code : 04923
map
Location of Visquard on a map of the municipality of Krummhörn

Visquard is a warf village in the East Frisian municipality of Krummhörn . Its settlement history goes back to pre-Christian times.

Surname

As far as its spelling is concerned, the name Visquard has been changed several times over the centuries. In the Vita Liudgeri , the biography of the Münster bishop Liudger from the first half of the 9th century, the name is Wyscwyrt . The East Frisian document book shows the spelling Fiscwert for 1380 . In the two dike registers of the Greetsiel Office (1625) we read Fisquard and in the so-called head estimate of 1719 we find the place name in its form that is still valid today.

The name has two parts, Vis and quard . Vis derives Arend Remmers - unlike the folk etymology - not from fish (see coat of arms), but from the old Frisian wiske or Middle Low German wisch [e] (= meadow). The second part of the name goes to worthy , werder , warden back and is initially for a "site survey in the wetland" and later for an artificial mound or mound. Visquard therefore means Wiesenwarft .

geography

Pilsum
2.9 km 		Greetsiel
3.6 km 		Will be around
7.0 km
It is
2.6 km 		Neighboring communities Jennelt
2.1 km
Camping
8.2 km 		Pewsum
3.7 km 		Hinte
8.2 km

Visquard belongs to the East Frisian municipality of Krummhörn and is about 13 kilometers from Emden . It is located at the edge of the former Sielmönker bay and is located on the local road 231 between Jennelt and Pewsum from the national road branches 4 to the right. Developed farm roads lead to the villages of Manslagt and Pilsum and via the village of Appingen to Greetsiel . The Greetsieler Tief , a watercourse approved for water hikers , also connects the Warfendorf with the mentioned places and with Pewsum. The nearest train station is in Emden.

Visquard is a typical Rundwarftendorf ( Low German for embankment) with a diameter of about 450 meters, where the church is located on the highest point and winding streets and paths lead all around.

Manslagter low at Visquard

history

In the oldest written mention of Visquard from the year 945, the Latinized village name is villa Frisgana . It can be found in the list of his possessions in Federgau drawn up by a certain tanner called bona mea in paco Federit gewe .

In the summaries of the Fulda monastery compiled by a monk named Eberhard in the 12th century , Visquard is initially also referred to as villa Frisgana , but later - later in the summaries - as Viscuwirda . Karl Leiner translates this name as: "Warfendorf ( wirda ), whose inhabitants live from fish ( visc )".

The fact that Visquard was surrounded by water in earlier times is still made clear by some district names in the area, for example Leegland and Visquarder Maar .

An archaeological excavation carried out in the vicinity of Visquard in 1913 unearthed urns and grave goods , the shape and drawings of which point to pre-Christian times. A fireplace was also found containing freshly baked and hand-formed clay balls, which were probably intended to be used as net weights. The evaluation of another excavation around 1961 revealed a settlement horizon from the year 800 AD.

Visquard had been the seat of the chiefs since the 13th century . It had two castle sites (so-called stone houses ): one in the northwest, the other in the southeast of the village. While the large castle site in the northwest fell victim to land consolidation in the 1950s, the smaller stone house is still preserved. The first chief to appear by name in the annals of the village is Siebrand Ulberna von Visquard . He ruled in the first half of the 14th century and published a code together with the neighboring chiefs of Westerhusen , Hinte and Twixlum as well as with Drosten Wiard von Emden . The second chief reported by the sources is Wygert tho Visquarden .

In 1744 Visquard fell to Prussia, like all of East Frisia . In 1756 the Prussian officials compiled a statistical trade survey for East Friesland. In that year there were 29 merchants and craftsmen in Visquard, making the town the third largest number of merchants and craftsmen in the Krummhörn after Greetsiel and Pilsum. Among them were seven linen weavers, four shoemakers, three carpenters each, bakers and tailors, two bricklayers and blacksmiths each, and one cooper and glazier each. The three merchants traded in tea, salt, tobacco and soap.

Visquard belonged to the Greetsiel office (1824), which was divided into the Greetsiel, Pewsum and Borkum districts during the Hanoverian period in East Friesland . Visquard belonged to the district bailiwick Greetsiel, which in turn was divided into the sub bailiwicks Eilsum and Grimersum. Visquard was part of the Untervogtei Grimersum along with Grimersum and Werdenum.

In the course of the Hanoverian office reform in 1859, the Greetsiel office was dissolved and added to the Emden office, Visquard has belonged to the latter since then. During the Prussian district reform in 1885 , the Emden district was formed from the Emden district , to which Visquard subsequently belonged.

For centuries, the natural depths and drainage channels that crisscross the Krummhörn in a dense network were the most important modes of transport. Not only the villages but also many farms were connected to the city of Emden and the port of Greetsiel via ditches and canals. The boat traffic with Emden was particularly important. Village boatmen took over the supply of goods from the city and delivered agricultural products in the opposite direction: “From the Sielhafenort, smaller ships, so-called Loog ships, transported the cargo to the inland and supplied the marsh villages (loog = village). The loog ships from the Krummhörn enlivened the canals of the city of Emden until the 20th century. "

Peat, which was mostly extracted in the East Frisian Fehnen , played an important role as heating material for the inhabitants of the Krummhörn for centuries . The peat ships brought the material on the East Frisian canal network to the Krummhörn villages, including Visquard. On their way back into the Fehnsiedlungen the Torfschiffer often took clay soil from the march and the manure of cattle with which they their home were dug fertilized land.

In April 1919 there were so-called "bacon removals" from Emden workers, which were followed by rioting on the farm workers. Together with the Rheiderland , the district of Emden was the part of East Frisia most affected by this unrest. Workers broke into the surrounding villages in closed trains and stole food from farmers in clashes. The situation only calmed down after the deployment of the Reichswehr troops stationed in the region . As a reaction to this, resident groups were formed in almost all villages in the Emden area . The Visquard Rescue Service comprised 72 people and was one of the strongest in the district of Emden. These had 30 weapons. The resident services were only dissolved after a corresponding decree by the Prussian Interior Minister Carl Severing on April 10, 1920.

On July 1, 1972, Visquard was incorporated into the new municipality of Krummhörn.

Culture and sights

The Visquard church was probably built between 1250 and 1275. At the end of the 18th century, the four vaults threatened to collapse due to changes in the dike and a drop in the water table. Only the choir vault was preserved. The organ prospectus dates from 1660. Since 1969, a new organ from the Dutch organ building company Reil has stood behind it . The pulpit was carved in 1729 by an Emden coffin carpenter. Striking is a sandstone clock on the western outside of the church, on which the coat of arms of the donors, the East Frisian count couple Edzard II and Katharina Wasa , can be seen. Next to the church is the bell tower , which was probably built in 1300 and equipped with two bells, with its stepped gable .

There were two monasteries in the vicinity of Visquard. The Dykhusen Monastery , which existed from 1378 to 1531 and which was destroyed in an arson attack by the Junker Balthasar , and the Appingen Monastery , which took in the homeless nuns from Dykhusen.

In 2005 Visquard had 743 inhabitants, over 90 percent of whom belong to the Evangelical Reformed Church .

  • The church Visquards is also the highest point of the village

  • Church organ

  • Bell tower of the Visquard Church

  • Aerial view of the former Appingen monastery

Economy and Infrastructure

Building of the Visquard Volunteer Fire Brigade

Public facilities

In Visquard, the volunteer fire brigade, as one of 18 Krummhörn fire brigades, provides defensive fire protection and general help. To do this, she uses a fire engine . Visquard also has a youth fire brigade .

Sports

There is a football club in town, the RSV Visquard . The first men's team is currently playing in the Aurich / Emden district league and the second team in the Aurich / Emden second district league. There are also two youth departments, the E-Juniors and a C-Youth for women.

literature

  • Visquarder Dorfchronisten (Hrsg.): Village and school chronicle of Visquard . Visquard 2002.
  • Karl Leiner: Panorama North District . Norden 1972, p. 445-450 .
  • Jürgen Hoogstraat: Krummhörn guide . 5th edition. Norden 2001, ISBN 3-922365-46-9 .
  • Wolfgang Heilscher: Krummhörn - Original East Frisia . Oldenburg , ISBN 3-88314-109-7 .
  • Jürgen Hoogstraat, Martin Stromann: The Krummhörn - Small guide through an East Frisian coastal landscape . Norden, ISBN 3-928327-05-4 .

Web links

Commons : Visquard  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Unless otherwise stated, the information in this section is based on Arend Remmers: Von Aaltukerei bis Zwischenmooren . Schuster Verlag: Leer 2004. ISBN 3-7963-0359-5 . P. 229 ( Visquard ); 278 ( Werth )
  2. ↑ Geschichtsquellen.de: Vita s. Liudgeri episcopi Mimigardefordensis ; accessed on December 18, 2019
  3. ↑ a b Karl Leiner: Panorama North District . Norden 1972, p. 445 .
  4. ^ Karl Heinrich Kaufhold ; Uwe Wallbaum (Ed.): Historical statistics of the Prussian province of East Friesland (sources on the history of East Friesland, Volume 16), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1998, ISBN 3-932206-08-8 , p. 387.
  5. ^ Curt Heinrich Conrad Friedrich Jansen: Statistical Handbook of the Kingdom of Hanover 1824. P. 172, accessed on May 21, 2013.
  6. ↑ Ordinance on the reorganization of administrative offices 1859. pp. 675f., Accessed on May 21, 2013.
  7. ^ Harm Wiemann / Johannes Engelmann: Old streets and ways in East Frisia . Self-published, Pewsum 1974, p. 169 (East Frisia in the protection of the dyke; 8)
  8. ^ Gunther Hummerich: The peat shipping of the Fehntjer in Emden and the Krummhörn in the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Emder Yearbook for Historical Regional Studies in Ostfriesland , Volume 88/89 (2008/2009), pp. 142–173, here p. 163.
  9. ↑ Hans Bernhard Eden: The Resident Services of Ostfriesland from 1919 to 1921. In: Emder Yearbook for Historical Country Studies of Ostfriesland , Vol. 65 (1985), pp. 81-134, here pp. 94, 98, 105, 114.
  10. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 263 f .
  11. ↑ Ev.-ref. Visquard municipality. reformiert.de
  12. ↑ greetsiel.de: 18 local fire brigades.
  13. ↑ Current teams RSV Visquard (Krummhörn) - football results. Football.de