Jennelt
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Jennelt
Krummhörn municipality
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| Height : | 1 (0.50-1.50) m |
| Area : | 3.57 km² |
| Residents : | 362 (December 31, 2012) |
| Population density : | 101 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | July 1, 1972 |
| Postal code : | 26736 |
| Area code : | 04923 |
 Card of the Krummhörn
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The village of Jennelt belongs to the East Frisian municipality of Krummhörn . It is located between Pewsum and Eilsum on the L 4 state road . Jennelt has 362 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2012), over 90 percent of whom belong to the Evangelical Reformed Church . The village area covers around 357 hectares. A so-called low , which leads from Eilsum via Uttum to Beewenburg , connects Jennelt with the East Frisian waterway network.
location
Jennelt is one of 19 villages that make up the municipality of Krummhörn and is 11.7 kilometers as the crow flies from Emden city center. The Krummhorn capital, Pewsum, is about four kilometers to the southwest. Within the village, the district road K 229 ( Uttumer Straße ) joins the Lower Saxony state road L 4 ( Eilsumer Straße ).
etymology
The name Jennelt is probably derived from the name Geinleth . This name means "beyond the watercourse". Later spellings of the place name were Geenlede, Jennlede, Jennlete and Jennlet , from which the current name Jennelt developed.
history
Jennelt belonged to the Beninga von Grimersum chief family . The splendor of the village Jennelt then belonged to the von Ewsum family, who sold it to a descendant of the Beninga chiefs, Wilhelm zu Innhausen and Knyphausen , before 1599 . Jennelt remained with this ancient Frisian family as a Fideikommiss until the 20th century .
With East Friesland the glory Jennelt came to Prussia in 1744 . Prussian statistics from 1805/06 show that in those years there were seven residents of whole squares and one resident of half a square, i.e. a smaller courtyard. In addition there were 19 warf people, kötter and house people. In addition to an official of glory, there was a preacher and his sexton . The population of the glory was 207. Commercial life was added to agriculture, but due to the small size of the glory, it was not as pronounced as in other glories or market towns and was also less than in the surrounding official villages. There were six linen weavers in the trade, three millers, three masons and shoemakers as well as one blacksmith, tailor, baker and lime burner. A village boatman took over the traffic. In agriculture, 159 cattle were recorded (including 55 young cattle), 159 sheep, eleven pigs and 58 horses. In arable farming, farmers concentrated on growing potatoes and above all rape, to a lesser extent also wheat, rye, barley, oats and also peas and beans.
Until the final legal abolition of the patrimonial jurisdiction in Hanover in 1858 (but for the most part already by ordinance in 1821), the residents of the glory were subordinate to the patrimonial court in Lütetsburg as the seat of the Inn and Knyphausen family .
During the Hanoverian office reform in 1852, the glory Jennelt was assigned to the Greetsiel office (based in Pewsum). In the course of the Hanoverian office reform in 1859, the Greetsiel office was dissolved and added to the Emden office, Jennelt has belonged to the latter since then. During the Prussian district reform in 1885 , the Emden district was formed from the Emden district , to which Jennelt then belonged.
For centuries, the natural depths and drainage channels that crisscross the Krummhörn in a dense network were the most important modes of transport. Not only the villages but also many farms were connected to the city of Emden and the port of Greetsiel via ditches and canals. The boat traffic with Emden was particularly important. Village boatmen took over the supply of goods from the city and delivered agricultural products in the opposite direction: “From the Sielhafenort, smaller ships, so-called Loogschiffe, transported the cargo to the inland and supplied the marsh villages (loog = village). The loog ships from the Krummhörn enlivened the canals of the city of Emden until the 20th century. "
Peat, which was mostly extracted in the East Frisian Fehnen , played an important role as heating material for the inhabitants of the Krummhörn for centuries . The peat ships brought the material on the East Frisian canal network to the Krummhörn villages, including Jennelt. On their way back into the Fehnsiedlungen the Torfschiffer often took clay soil from the march and the manure of cattle with which they their home were dug fertilized land.
In April 1919 there were so-called "bacon removals" from Emden workers, which were followed by rioting on the farm workers. Together with the Rheiderland , the district of Emden was the part of East Frisia most affected by this unrest. Workers broke into the surrounding villages in closed trains and stole food from farmers in clashes. The situation only calmed down after the deployment of the Reichswehr troops stationed in the region . As a reaction to this, resident groups were formed in almost all villages in the Emden area . The Jennelt Rescue Service comprised 30 people. These had 15 weapons. The resident services were only dissolved after a corresponding decree by the Prussian Interior Minister Carl Severing on April 10, 1920.
On July 1, 1972 Jennelt was incorporated into the new municipality of Krummhörn.
Attractions
- Evangelical-Reformed Jennelter Church, built around 1300, with burial place of the noble Innhausen and Knyphausen families and the last surviving organ of the organ builder Johann Friedrich Constabel .
- Chapel of the Evangelical Free Church in Jennelt ( Baptists ). The building, which was converted into a place of worship in 1900, was originally a horse stable.
traffic
The Jennelter Tief was the most important traffic connection of the place until the expansion of the road infrastructure in the Krummhörn at the end of the 19th century. It is a short branch channel to the Uttumer Tief, which in turn represented the connection to the old Greetsieler Sieltief and thus both to the Sielhafenort Greetsiel and to Emden. Jennelt is connected to road traffic by Landesstraße 4 (Pewsum - north ). The closest motorway entrance is the Emden-Mitte junction on the A31 .
Personalities
- Dodo Freiherr zu Innhausen and Knyphausen (1583–1636), well-known general of the Thirty Years' War
- Diedrich Janßen-Jennelt (1889–1983), teacher and painter
- Enno Popkes (1904–1959), organ expert and church musician
education
The Jennelter Community School was converted into a primary school in 1979. It has been an integration school since 1997 . A sponsorship association made up of teachers and parents, founded in 1995, supports school activities.
See also
literature
- Karl Leiner: Panorama North District . North 1972
Web links
- On Jennelt's archeology
- Genealogy forum: Jennelt
- Local chronicle of the East Frisian landscape : Jennelt (PDF; 22 kB)
- Jennelt Elementary School
Individual evidence
- ^ Karl Leiner: Panorama Landkreis Norden , Norden 1972, p. 189
- ^ Wiebe Jannes Formsma, RA Luitjens-Dijkveld Stol, A. Pathuis: De Ommelander borgen en Steenhuizen . In: Groninger historical reeks . Van Gorcum, Assen 1987, ISBN 90-232-2314-4 , pp. 53 (Dutch, limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ Lower Saxony State Archives (Aurich location) : Rep. 27 Herrlichkeit Jennelt. (Dep. 4) and Genealogical Handbook of the nobility , Gräfliche houses A . Volume IV, Volume 28 of the complete series, Limburg / Lahn 1962, pp. 216–227
- ^ Karl Heinrich Kaufhold ; Uwe Wallbaum (Ed.): Historical statistics of the Prussian province of East Friesland (sources on the history of East Friesland, Volume 16), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1998, ISBN 3-932206-08-8 , pp. 135, 143, 371, 593 and 617 .
- ↑ Fridrich Arends: Erdbeschreibung des Fürstenthums Ostfriesland and Harlingerland , Emden 1824, p. 372, Textarchiv - Internet Archive .
- ^ Ordinance on the reallocation of offices in 1852 . P. 76 ff., Textarchiv - Internet Archive .
- ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of administrative offices in 1859 . P. 675 f., Books.google.de
- ^ Harm Wiemann, Johannes Engelmann: Old streets and ways in East Friesland . Self-published, Pewsum 1974, p. 169 (East Frisia in the protection of the dyke; 8)
- ^ Gunther Hummerich: The peat shipping of the Fehntjer in Emden and the Krummhörn in the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Emder Yearbook for Historical Regional Studies in Ostfriesland , Volume 88/89 (2008/2009), pp. 142–173, here p. 163.
- ↑ Hans Bernhard Eden: The Resident Services of Ostfriesland from 1919 to 1921. In: Emder Yearbook for Historical Country Studies of Ostfriesland , Volume 65, 1985, pp. 81-134, here pp. 94, 98, 105, 114.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 263 f .
- ↑ Janssen-Jennelt . Northwest Travel Magazine; Retrieved September 2, 2012
- ↑ fw-greetsiel.de: Jennelt elementary school . Retrieved September 7, 2012.
