Timmel

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Timmel
municipality Großefehn
Coordinates: 53 ° 21 '58 "  N , 7 ° 31' 26"  E
Height : 2 m above sea level NN
Area : 11.86 km²
Residents : 998  (2014)
Population density : 84 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1972
Postal code : 26629
Area code : 04945
Church in Timmel

Timmel is a district of the municipality of Großefehn in the Aurich district in East Frisia and is located on a Geest island in the middle of lowland areas and high moors . Until the 19th century, the place was largely cut off from its surroundings, especially in winter.

history

Early Middle Ages

Archaeological excavations of the East Frisian landscape uncovered the remains of seven houses and other finds in the eastern part of Timmel, which date the origins of Timmel around the year 700. The largest residential stable had a floor plan of 14 m long and 5 m wide. The early medieval houses can be described as 5 m wide single-nave wall post houses. Evidence of a settlement that existed until around the year 900 was provided. After that, the settlement was relocated elsewhere in the local area.

The place was first used at the end of 9/10. Century mentioned in the monastery files of Werden as "Timberlae" (= wood / tree).

middle Ages

Monastery fore

Around 1200, the Klaarkamp monastery from West Friesland set up a cloister fore in Timmel, an agricultural "outpost" in which lay brothers ran for their own and for the main monastery. In a tax list of the diocese of Münster it was named as Monachi in Tibello ordinare Cistercienses. In 1468 the cloister subordinate to the monastery Ihlow founded in 1228 . Around 1510 it came under the administration of the Benedictine nunnery Thedinga. After 1530, in the course of the Reformation , it came into the possession of the sovereign, who initially leased it to the Thedinga monastery . In 1619, the cloister suburb was leased to the first leaseholder Ulfert Heyen. Between 1622 and 1624, during the Thirty Years' War , the place and the Vorwerk were heavily devastated by Count Mansfeld's mercenaries. In 1630, four half herds, each 20 hectares in size, were separated from the farm and leased to a further number of farmers. So Timmel grew steadily. Around 1830 the monastery suburb was sold to the Buß family. In the 20th century the trenches and ramparts were still visible.

Chief time

In 1439, Timmel, along with other villages in the Moormerland , to which Timmel belonged at that time, was transferred from the Hamburgers to the chief brothers Ulrich and Edzard Cirksena . In this document Timmel was named as Folkerdeborgh. Folkert Eckena or Eggena were chiefs to Timmel at that time. Around 1454 the chief Hippeko zu Strackholt pawned his lands in Timmel to the Cirksenas. In 1458 the chief Broder Galtisna zu Hatshausen , the Hamburg councilor and bailiff of Emden , swore Mr. Wigershop Urfehde. Memmo Eggena from Timmel vouches for Galtisna to keep the peace and no log houses and fortresses, neither in Hatshausen nor in Friesland. After Folckart Eckena's death in 1460, Count Ulrich Cirksena donated the chief's legacy to Pastor Wiltet zu Westerhusen .

Saxon feud

Count Edzard I gathered troops in Timmel during the Saxon feud . In September 1517, with the help of these troops, he succeeded in recapturing Friedeburg Castle , which had been occupied by Saxon troops since 1514.

The village

Timmel was also not spared from storm surges . The Christmas flood of 1717 inundated the lands, the land was salinized and was temporarily unusable for arable farming.

In 1805 the Meente Weyden , also called common pastures, were divided up between those interested in the village. At that time Timmel owned six full flocks, six half flocks, one 3/4 flock, one 1/4 flock, three spaces, four half spaces, thirteen terps and six half terps.

Mills in Timmel

In 1716, the penultimate regent from the house of Cirksena, Prince Georg Albrecht, gave the miller Harms Peters permission to build a windmill for grinding grain in the extreme south-west of the village at his own expense. For this he had to pay a wind fee of 25 Reichstalers.

In 1774 a water mill was built on Timmeler Verlaat to regulate the water level in the Spetzerfehn Canal .

Fehn start-ups around Timmel

In the middle of the Thirty Years' War, the cultivation of the raised bogs and the establishment of fen settlements in the immediate vicinity of Timmel began. These were particularly promoted in the 19th century.

With the founding of the ten, inland and coastal shipping increased. Due to the ship's captains' lack of navigational knowledge, there were a large number of ship accidents, especially on the North Sea. Ship captains therefore had to demonstrate appropriate training at navigation schools. After the founding of navigation schools in Emden and Papenburg, the Timmel navigation school was founded in 1846 .

Around 1780 Timmel also became a shipping company location. In the 19th century, 25 seagoing ships were based in Timmel. Some of them sailed as far as North and South America, but mostly trips were carried out on the Baltic Sea, the North Sea from Norway via England to Portugal to the Mediterranean. Of the 16 captains in Timmel, nine remained missing with their ships and crews.

French Empire

In 1811, East Frisia was incorporated into the French Empire as the Ems-Oriental department . Timmel became the administrative center of the Canton Timmel of the same name. For the first time, East Frisians had to serve in the army of a foreign ruler. In Aurich there were riots during the recruitment process. The ringleaders came from Canton Timmel and were about to be arrested. At the Tatje bridge there was a skirmish between the military and the insurgent boatmen. As a result of the uprising, on the highest orders of Napoleon Bonaparte, troops were sent to the Fehne at night to take all the boatmen prisoner. One of the ringleaders was sentenced to death, others were sentenced to chain detention. Over 300 boatmen were captured and forced to do military service in Lille and Toulon . This brought peat digging and shipping on the Fehnen to a standstill.

Kingdom of Hanover

During the time it belonged to the Kingdom of Hanover (1815–1866), Timmel was the seat of magistrates. From 1852 to 1859 Timmel was the main town of the office of the same name.

20th century

On July 1, 1972, Timmel was incorporated into the new community of Großefehn.

Attractions

Historic Buildings

Peter and Paul Church from 1736
Interior of the church
Entrance to the navigation school

On the outskirts of Timmel is the Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Peter and Paul from 1736, which is the third church building to follow a wooden church from the 12th century and a medieval brick church from the 13th century. The bell tower was added in 1850. Nationally known Timmel was founded in 1846, the Maritime School named Royal Navigationsschule Timmel . Up until 1918, seafaring students were able to acquire nautical knowledge for both ferry navigation and patents for longer voyages. The current building was erected in 1862. In addition to the church and the former seafaring school, there are seven gulf houses under monument protection as well as other historical buildings that are characteristic of the townscape. Specifically, these are the Old Küsterei (1857), the Old School (1891), the Old Vogthaus (1794), the birthplace of the local poet Antonie Wübbens (1842), the birthplace of the philosopher Wilhelm Schapp (around 1850), the Lion Pharmacy (1885) ), the Gulfhäuser Mesch (1802), the Kastanjehoff (1883), the Lüttje Hus (1910) and others.

Historical circular route Timmel

All buildings can be viewed from the outside via the so-called historical Timmel circular route . The educational trail through the historic town center is intended to convey to tourists and locals the local building history, the life and economy of the residents of the East Frisian village of Timmel, and at the same time to provide an insight into the historical building culture of Northern Germany that goes beyond the local heritage. The route can be walked both individually and as part of a guided tour. In addition, the Großefehn Transport and Local History Association issued a map with a brief description explaining the route with the individual stations.

The circular route was created in 2007 on the occasion of the 175th anniversary of the Timmeler Löwen pharmacy. As a guided walk through the historic Timmel, a selection of the town's historic buildings was presented. The successful tour was the reason for the formation of the voluntary working group Historischer Rundweg Timmel in the Großefehn Transport and Local History Association . He developed an extended route on which a total of 26 historical buildings are presented, which shape the appearance of the place with its around 900 inhabitants. The circular route was opened on May 11, 2008.

Wooden sculptures from the history of Timmel

On the occasion of the 1111 year celebration in 2011, the Aurich artist Heinrich Klemme-Zimmermann created six wooden sculptures that represent Timmel's development. The artist used 400 year old oak from a Timmel Gulf house. An oak trunk represents the once wooded area of ​​Timmel; a monk symbolizes the former monastery; a cow symbolizing agriculture; an anchor for nautical and navigation school; a Napoleonic headgear that is impaled by a pitchfork stands for the boatman revolt during the Napoleonic occupation; a sun hat and a camera symbolize tourism. The artist was inspired by a poem written by Hartmut Schoon. The sculptures were placed on the property of the tourist information.

Waters

Southwest of the village is surrounded by meadows, the 25  hectares large Timmeler Sea , a large lake, the one with the more southern Boekzeteler sea is connected, which, however, already on the territory of the municipality Moormerland in Leer district is located. The 14 hectare Boekzeteler Meer is a shallow lowland moor lake and lies in a meltwater channel in which the Fehntjer Deep also runs. The Boekzeteler Meer and the surrounding area are designated as a nature reserve. To the northeast of the village is the almost circular Frauenmeer .

politics

Mayor in Timmel

Mayor, in today's sense, existed in the municipality of Timmel from the beginning of the French era from 1807 until the Lower Saxony municipal reform in 1972.

mayor Term of office
Johann Seben Onneken 1810-1812
Harrow Weers 1813-1835
Berend Soeken 1835-1862
Hermann Heinrich Cassens 1862-1880
Reinder Rindert's Saathoff 1880-1886
Soeke Soeken 1886-1899
Hayo Schapp 1899-1914
Harrow Mansholt 1914-1920
Ike Müller 1920-1922
Heyo Bohlen 1922-1940
Hermann Blank 1940-1948
Hermann Onnen 1948-1954
Hinrich Andreeßen 1954-1968
Erich Cassens 1968-1972

Timmel has been part of the community of Großefehn since 1972 .

Local mayor in Timmel

There has been a local mayor in Timmel since 1972. In the period from 1976 to 1981, no local mayors were elected in the community of Großefehn.

Local mayor Term of office
Erich Cassens 1972-1976
Erich Cassens 1981-1986
Siegfried Lüderitz 1986-2001
Dieter Rogge 2001-2006
Wilhelm Buschmann 2006– today

Associations and choirs

There is a lively club life in Timmel.

  • Village association "Uns Timmel eV"
  • Sports club SuS Timmel eV
  • Driving and riding club Timmel
  • Boekzeteler Meer boat sports club (BSB) Timmel
  • Paddling friends Timmel
  • Hiking group Großefehn based in Timmel
  • Country women Timmel
  • Agricultural branch association Timmel-Ulbargen
  • Rabbit Breeding Association J16
  • Shanty choir of the Royal Timmel Navigation School
  • Vocal ensemble Cantarella Timmel
  • Wandergroup danzers
  • Timmeler Dörptheater

Support associations

Two support associations are also active:

  • Friends of the old village school
  • Friends of the Royal Timmel Navigation School

Personalities

Timmel's well-known sons and daughters include:

  • the high school teacher and historian Ufke Cremer (born September 30, 1887 in Timmel; † October 16, 1958 in Norden)
  • the navigation teacher and circumnavigator Carl Ewald Kruse (August 3, 1831 in Timmel; † August 29, 1891 in Emden)
  • the philosopher and lawyer Wilhelm Schapp (born October 15, 1884 in Timmel, † March 22, 1965 in Aurich)
  • the writer Toni Wübbens , née Töpfer (born May 12, 1850 in Timmel; † December 15, 1910 Hanover).

Personalities who grew up in Timmel:

  • the pharmacist, chemist and college director Johann August Kruse , also called John Kruse (born July 7, 1822 in Aurich, † October 19, 1895 in Melbourne, Australia)

literature

  • Gerhard Meyer: Timmel chronicle of an old East Frisian village . Timmel 1986
  • Gerhard Meyer: The families of the Timmel parish part 1 + 2 . Publishing house Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1987
  • Wilhelm Lienstromberg: Searching for traces in Timmel - The historic buildings of Timmel as part of the cultural landscape around the fen areas of East Frisia . Master thesis, Meppen, Frankfurt / Oder 2009
  • Dieter Rogge, Hartmut Schoon, Gerd Simmering u. a .: Timberlae - Timmel - development of a village - contributions to local history . Print Media Distribution and Publishing, Wiesmoor 2011

Web links

Commons : Timmel  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rolf Bärenfänger in "Timberlae-Timmel - Timmel in the early Middle Ages", publisher village association "Uns Timmel eV", 2011, page 44 f.
  2. ^ East Frisian landscape excavations 1999-2008: Timmel 2007
  3. ↑ a b c Rogge, Schoon, Simmering u. a .: "Timberlae - Timmel"
  4. ↑ Hartmut Schoon in "Timmel-Timberlae - The End of Meente Weyden", ed. Dorfverein Uns Timmel eV, 2011, page 82 ff.
  5. ↑ Dettmar Coldewey: Frisia Orientalis - data on the history of the country between Ems and Jade. Wilhelmshaven 1967
  6. ↑ nordwestreisemagazin.de: “Timmel Navigation School” , accessed on October 9, 2012.
  7. ↑ Hartmut Schoon in "Timmel-Timberlae - Also Timmeler ... drove far over the sea", Ed. Dorfverein Uns Timmel eV, 2011, page 138 ff.
  8. ^ A b Gerhard Meyer: Timmel - Chronicle of an old East Frisian village
  9. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 261 .
  10. ↑ Genealogy forum: Timmel ( Memento of the original from June 10, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , as seen June 21, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.genealogie-forum.de
  11. ^ The "Old Seafaring School" in Timmel ( Memento from September 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ Siegfried Lüderitz (Working Group of Ortschronisten der Ostfriesische Landschaft ): Timmel, Municipality of Großefehn, District of Aurich (PDF; 60 kB), accessed on June 21, 2011.
  13. ↑ a b c Wilhelm Lien Stromberg: search for clues in Timmel. The historical Timmel buildings as part of the cultural landscape around the fen areas of East Friesland. (Abstract; PDF; 1.4 MB), accessed on June 21, 2011.
  14. ↑ Mohammad Hossein Beheshty: History of the Pharmacy ( Memento of the original from October 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed June 22, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.loewenapo-timmel.de
  15. ↑ Ostfriesen-Zeitung of May 25, 2011: After many years, the "Kastanjehoff" in Timmel is back to life (PDF; 4.2 MB), viewed on June 22, 2011.
  16. ^ A b Ostfriesische Nachrichten of May 5, 2008: Timmel: Historical circular route with 25 houses , accessed on October 9, 2012.
  17. ↑ Ostfriesische Nachrichten: "Six wooden sculptures stand for Timmel", June 14, 2011
  18. ↑ Boekzeteler Meer nature reserve (NSG WE 231) , accessed on March 6, 2011
  19. ^ Dieter Rogge in "Timberlae - Timmel - The regional reform takes Timmel the independence", Ed. "Uns Dorp Timmel eV", 2011, page 182 f.
  20. ↑ a b Our village has a future, Timmel 2010