Wilhelm Schapp

Wilhelm Albert Johann Schapp (born October 15, 1884 in Timmel (today in Großefehn , East Frisia ), † March 22, 1965 in Sanderbusch ) was a German philosopher and lawyer.

biography

After graduating from high school in Wilhelmshaven in 1902, Wilhelm Schapp studied law and philosophy at the same time . Wilhelm Schapp initially studied with Heinrich Rickert, Wilhelm Dilthey, Georg Simmel and Alexander Pfänder in Freiburg, Berlin and Munich. In addition to his legal clerkship , he continued his philosophy studies with Edmund Husserl in Göttingen, where he received his doctorate in 1909.

Instead of striving for an academic career, Schapp became a lawyer and notary in Aurich in 1910 .

After serving in the First World War , he received his doctorate in law from the legal philosopher Julius Binder in Göttingen.

In 1938 he married Luise Groeneveld , with whom he had two children. His son Jan Schapp (* 1940) became professor for civil law and legal philosophy.

During the Second World War , Wilhelm Schapp was employed as a judge-martial in military justice .

Scientific work

According to Hermann Lübbe's biography , Wilhelm Schapp belonged to Edmund Husserl's first group of students from 1905 . His dissertation Contributions to the Phenomenology of Perception (EV 1910) is one of the main publications of the early group of phenomenologists. It illustrates in a special way the concerns of the early phenomenologists and finds strong expression in the words that Wilhelm Schapp records in the preface to his work: "I just hope that I did not write anything that I did not see myself."

Wilhelm Schapp began to break away from the teachings of Edmund Husserl at an early age and developed an independent philosophical approach. In the 1930s he examined basic legal terms, especially contract and property, from a phenomenological perspective. He is considered one of the most important legal phenomenologists . Just two years after the German first edition of the two-volume work from 1930 and 1932, the philosopher Ortega y Gasset provided a Spanish translation of his work The Contract as a given . Between 1937 and 1938 Wilhelm Schapp completed the manuscript of Zur Metaphysik des Muttertums , which was not published until 1965.

In the 1950s and 1960s, Schapp published a philosophy of stories, the so-called story philosophy. The discussion of the historical-philosophical approach on the part of Hermann Lübbe and Hans Barth contributed to the initial reception of Schapp's work . In terms of impact history, insights that Schapp formulated have been taken up by the theologians Eberhard Jüngel and Johann Baptist Metz within the concept of a narrative theology, in the narrower philosophical context and others. a. by Paul Ricœur and Alasdair MacIntyre . The philosophy of history had a significant influence on philosophy in the Federal Republic of Germany in the second half of the 20th century, especially with Hermann Lübbe and in Odo Marquard's “Philosophy of Compensation” . With regard to reception in law, the approaches of Jan Schapp and Wilhelm Henke are of extraordinary importance. Albert Jansen goes into the topicality of these approaches. The importance of Schapps' story philosophy is pointed out in the context of narrative research in various disciplinary fields - such as theology , pedagogy , psychology , cultural studies - with Wilhelm Schapps in particular the basic anthropo-ontological idea: "History stands for man" is recorded and discussed. Wilhelm Schapp philosophized his entire life, this is particularly clear from the large estate, which has only been published in parts so far.

Story philosophy

The philosopher Wilhelm Schapp is particularly known for the development of his so-called story philosophy. This includes the following writings that Schapp published himself during his lifetime: Entangled in stories. On the being of man and thing (EV: 1953), philosophy of stories (EV: 1959) and metaphysics of natural science (EV: 1965). In particular, the manuscripts and notes in the estate from the period 1952–1965 complete Wilhelm Schapp's extensive philosophical studies on his philosophy of history. The philosophy of history is not to be confused with the traditional philosophy of history, but rather accentuates the primacy of stories, which is not reflected in the philosophical or scientific tradition. The anthropo-ontological idea of ​​Schapp is that humans are entangled in stories, entanglement in stories of all living beings and the occurrence of things about one's fellow human beings and their surroundings in stories. With Jan Schapp it can be formulated that “stories [...] do not mean world history, the [r] historical [] sequence of events, but first and foremost the concrete everyday stories that each of us experiences”. If one wants to outline the philosophical meaning of Wilhelm Schapp's thought, it lies in the development of a story philosophy that pursues the intention of a new interpretation of man. Karen Joisten holds in her foreword: Wilhelm Schapps Philosophy of Stories. An approach to the philosophy of stories : “People's entanglement in stories does not have a negative connotation, as it expresses the 'primordial phenomenon' of human integration in living historical contexts, which no one can escape. From this point of view, man is woven into a story-related fabric when he is born, whereby he qua man - nothing more, but also nothing less - than this entanglement in stories. ”What is required is the classic relationship between history or stories and being to rethink people and things. Everything that occurs in the world is interpreted by Schapp in his story-related fabric, which expresses a comprehensive context of meaning. From this point of view, Schapp understands the things of the environment as well as the outside world as what he calls “wozudinge”, which are included in the stories through the specific use of humans. Schapp states that in what he calls the “special world of the West”, which means the mathematized conception of the lifeworld, which also currently represents the interpretative sovereignty of the understanding of the world, a comprehensive forgetfulness of history has prevailed, which is the essence of what it means human Being a living being or thing in the world does not meet.

estate

Wilhelm Schapp's estate comprises more than 20,000 typewritten and handwritten pages from the period from the 1920s to the year Wilhelm Schapp died in 1965. Most of it is kept in the archives of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek and documents Wilhelm Schapp's constant philosophizing, almost from day to day . The estate “shows that the phenomenological questions of his dissertation were further thought through and developed. It gives insights into the readings of Wilhelm Schapp - his intellectual debates on the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl, the early Göttingen and Munich phenomenologists, the psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud, the philosophy of language in the sense of Ferdinand de Saussure, the re-reading of pre-Socratic thinkers, etc. He also provides insights into biographical ones Contemporary history too. There are numerous articles published by Wilhelm Schapp on the protection of debtors, correspondence with Rudolf Smend , Hermann Noack , Roman Ingarden , Friedrich Kambartel , Alexander Pfänder , Herbert Spiegelberg - to name just a few. "

Works

• Contributions to the phenomenology of perception. Niemeyer, Halle 1910 (5th edition: Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 2013), ISBN 978-3-465-04202-0
• The new science of law. 2 vols. Rothschild, Berlin
  • Vol. 1: The contract as a given. 1930 (Spanish translation: La nueva ciencia del derecho. Revista de Occidente, Madrid 1931)
  • Vol. 2: Value, work and property. 1932
• The Reichserbhofrecht. Systematic presentation and commentary on the law and the first and second implementing ordinances. C. Heymann, Berlin 1934
• Land and court rights according to Control Council Act 45 and the implementing provisions of the British Zone, as well as the states of Bavaria, Hesse, Württemberg-Baden, with explanations . Garte, Einbeck 1948
• Entangled in stories. To the being of thing and man. Hamburg, Meiner 1953 (5th edition: Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 2012), ISBN 978-3-465-04164-1
• On the metaphysics of motherhood . Manuscript from 1938, printed by Nijhoff, The Hague 1965
• Philosophy of stories. Leer, Rautenberg 1959 (3rd revised edition, edited by Karen Joisten and Jan Schapp: Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 2015), ISBN 978-3-465-04228-0
• Metaphysics of Science. Nijhoff, Den Haag 1965 (2nd edition under the title Knowledge in Stories. On the Metaphysics of Natural Science. B. Heymann, Wiesbaden 1976; 3rd edition again under the old title, Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 2009), ISBN 978-3- 465-03628-9
• Karen Joisten, Jan Schapp, Nicole Thiemer (eds.): Wilhelm Schapp. On the way of a philosophy of stories. Part I , Verlag Karl Alber, Freiburg / Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-495-48760-0
• Karen Joisten, Jan Schapp, Nicole Thiemer (eds.): Wilhelm Schapp. On the way of a philosophy of stories. Part II , Verlag Karl Alber, Freiburg / Munich 2017, ISBN 978-3-495-48777-8
• Karen Joisten, Jan Schapp, Nicole Thiemer (eds.): Wilhelm Schapp. On the way of a philosophy of stories. Part III , with an index of persons and subjects, Verlag Karl Alber, Freiburg / Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-495-48935-2

literature

• Hermann Lübbe : Consciousness in Stories. Studies on the phenomenology of subjectivity. Mach - Husserl - Schapp - Wittgenstein. Rombach, Freiburg 1972, ISBN 978-3-7930-0957-3
• Arno Müller: Stories and the categories of the social sciences. With a contribution by Arnold Schwendtke. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main, Bern, New York 1986, ISBN 3-8204-8910-X
• Stefanie Haas: No self without stories. Wilhelm Schapps story philosophy and Paul Ricœur's reflections on narrative identity. With an afterword by Jean Greisch. Olms, Hildesheim 2002, ISBN 3-487-11687-1
• Markus Pohlmeyer: Story Hermeneutics. Philosophical, literary and theological provocations in the thinking of Wilhelm Schapp. Lit, Münster 2004, ISBN 3-8258-7436-2
• Karl-Heinz Lembeck (Hrsg.): History and stories. Studies on the history of the phenomenology of Wilhelm Schapps. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2004, ISBN 978-3-8260-2861-8
• Karen Joisten (Ed.): The thinking of Wilhelm Schapps. Perspectives for our time . Verlag Karl Alber, Freiburg, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-495-48379-4
• Odo Marquard : The philosophy of stories and the future of storytelling in skepticism in the modern age - Philosophical studies . Reclam Volume 18524, 2007, pp. 55-71, ISBN 978-3-15-018524-7
• Jan Schapp , Main Problems of Legal Methodology , Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, 1983. ISBN 3-16-644642-7 .

Web links

• Literature by and about Wilhelm Schapp in the catalog of the German National Library
• Hermann Lübbe: Schapp, Wilhelm Albert Johann. In: Biographical Lexicon for East Frisia . ostfriesenelandschaft.de (PDF; 175 kB)
• Wilhelm Schapp Research, Philosophical Seminar at the University of Mainz

Individual evidence

1. ^ The grave of Wilhelm Schapp on the website www.grabsteine-ostfriesland.de; accessed on January 11, 2014.
2. ↑ A short biography written by Wilhelm Schapp himself can be found under the title Small autobiography of the author in: Eckart-Jahrbuch 1964/65, ed. v. Kurt Lothar Tank, Witten / Berlin 1964, pp. 54–56; a more detailed biographical presentation, written by Karen Joisten, can be found under Wilhelm Schapp. A biographical sketch in: Wilhelm Schapp. On the way of a philosophy of stories. Volume I. (= writings from the estate) Ed. Karen Joisten, Jan Schapp and Nicole Thiemer, Freiburg i. Br. 2016, pp. 360–372, cf. also the biography written by Hermann Lübbe about Wilhelm Schapp in: Biographisches Lexikon für Ostfriesland . Ed. On behalf of the East Frisian Landscape by Martin Tielke. First volume. Aurich 1993, pp. 302-305.
3. ↑ See also the description of Wilhelm Schapps: Memories of Husserl , in: Edmund Husserl 1859–1959. Recueil commémoratif publié à l'ocassion du centenaire de la naissance du philosophe , ed. v. HL Breda, The Hague 1959, pp. 12-25.
4. ↑ See Lübbe, Hermann: The end of phenomenological Platonism. A critical consideration on the occasion of a new book , in: Tijdschrift voor Philosophie 16 (1954), pp. 639–666; see also ders .: language games and stories. Late-stage neopositivism and phenomenology , in: Kant-Studien 52 (1960/61), pp. 220–243. See Barth, Hans: Philosophy of Entanglement . On two books by Wilhelm Schapp , in: Neue Zürcher Zeitung, long-distance edition No. 234, sheet 11, Saturday, August 26, 1961.
5. ↑ See, inter alia, Lübbe, Hermann: Consciousness in stories. Studies on the phenomenology of subjectivity. Mach - Husserl - Schapp - Wittgenstein, Freiburg 1972 and ders .: Concept of history and interest in history: Analysis and pragmatics of history , Basel / Stuttgart 2012 (EV 1977).
6. ↑ See in particular Schapp, Jan:, Tübingen 1983 and Henke, Wilhelm: Law and State: Fundamentals of Jurisprudence , Tübingen 1988 and Janssen, Albert: The endangered statehood in the Federal Republic of Germany. Contributions to the preservation of their constitutional organizational structure , Göttingen 2014, ders.:. The art of differentiating between law and justice. Studies on a basic condition for finding the law , Göttingen 2016, that is: The state as guarantor of human dignity. On the constitutional significance of Article 79 (3) of the Basic Law for the identity of the Basic Law , Göttingen 2019.
7. ↑ Schapp, Wilhelm: Entangled in stories. On the being of people and things , Frankfurt a. M. ⁵ 2012, p. 103.
8. ↑ See Karen Joisten (Ed.): The thinking of Wilhelm Schapps. Perspectives for our time , Freiburg / Munich 2010.
9. ↑ So Jan Schapp in an introductory lecture on the philosophy of Wilhelm Schapp, given on May 27, 2014 at the University of Kassel. The lecture will be published in 2019 in the commentary on the first three volumes of the edition of the Wilhelm Schapps estate by Verlag Karl Alber; the earliest introduction to Wilhelm Schapp's philosophy of history can be found in Schapp, Jan: Sein und Ort der Rechtsgebilde. An investigation into property and contract , The Hague 1968, 1st part.
10. ^ Joisten, Karen: Wilhelm Schapps Philosophy of Stories. An access , in: Schapp, Wilhelm: Philosophy of Stories , ed. v. Karen Joisten and Jan Schapp, Frankfurt a. M. ³ 2015, p. 7.
11. ↑ See Schapp, Jan: Positive Worlds and Special Worlds of the Occident in Wilhelm Schapps' Philosophy of History , in: Phenomenological Research 2004, pp. 133-149.
12. ↑ From the foreword to Wilhelm Schapp. Towards a Philosophy of Stories III. Ed. V. Karen Joisten, Jan Schapp and Nicole Thiemer, Freiburg / Munich 2018, p. 9.