Lübbertsfehn

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Lübbertsfehn is a district of the municipality of Ihlow in the Aurich district in East Frisia . The village, founded in 1637, is the second oldest fen settlement in the region after Großefehn .

history

Four years after the founding of (West) Großefehn by four Emden merchants, only a few hundred meters from Westgroßefehn, the next and therefore second oldest feudal settlement in East Frisia was founded. As with all ten foundings in the region up to 1660, an entrepreneur from Emden was again in charge: Lübbert Cornelius. For 950 guilders he bought about 200 Diemat land from the previous users of the area, farmers from Ostersander in the north (one Diemat corresponds to about 5700 m²). The corresponding contract is dated December 26, 1637.

As with all early feudal settlements in East Friesland, Lübbertsfehn served as a capital investment: the fen entrepreneur Cornelius was not primarily concerned with reclaiming the moor and then using it for agriculture, but rather with digging and selling the peat in his home town of Emden. On January 2, 1639, Cornelius enlarged the fen colony by another 200 diemat, this time, however, he received from the East Frisian Count House - and not as property, but as a lease . The settlers were recruited in the surrounding Geest villages and acted as sub-tenants. They took care of the removal of the peat layers and took care of the subsequent cultivation of the land. The Fehn company brought the peat with its own ships over a branch canal of the Fehntjer low and then over this to Emden. Only later did the colonists switch to transporting the peat with their own ships.

Until the 18th century, the fen settlement grew through natural growth as well as through enlargement of the peat extraction area. After most of the peat was dug up and the spatial expansion was no longer possible, however, the population development stagnated. Between 1789 and 1905 the population of Lübbertsfehn increased only slightly, in contrast to many other East Frisian Fehns. In 1816 the town had 280 inhabitants, then 253 in 1848 and finally 308 in 1895. However, it is noteworthy that the population density of Lübbertsfehn in the middle of the 19th century was still significantly higher than the average in the Aurich district: in 1839 the density was 130 Inhabitants per square kilometer, nine years later the average for the district was only 48 inhabitants per square kilometer. The settlement stagnated, but at a high level.

As in other Fehnorts, the residents of Lübbertsfehn shifted to (small-scale) shipbuilding and shipping. Because of the stagnation mentioned, this branch of business never flourished as it did in the larger Fehn settlements of Großefehn , Warsingsfehn or Rhauderfehn . There is evidence of a shipyard in Lübbertsfehn in 1816, but it no longer existed in 1839. In 1816 the boatmen from Lübbertsfehn had twelve ships, eight of which were peat ships for inland traffic and four ocean-going ships for coastal traffic. In 1862 there were only two ships in total, while Rhauderfehn was home to 104 ships in the same year. In the course of the 19th century, the Lübbertsfehntjer began to look for their livelihood in agriculture.

Conservation station

A farm from 1843 houses the Fehntjer Tief nature conservation station , a facility in the Aurich district for environmental education. It also serves as an extracurricular learning location.

literature

  • Jürgen Bünstorf: The East Frisian Fehnsiedlung as a regional type of settlement and bearer of socio-functional professional tradition. (Treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia, Volume 45; also Göttingen Geographical Treatises, Volume 37), self-published by the Geographical Institute of the University of Göttingen, Göttingen 1966, DNB 456219595 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ihlowerhörn ( Memento of March 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on July 11, 2013.
  2. ↑ Jürgen Bünstorf: The East Frisian Fehnsiedlung as a regional type of settlement and carrier of socio-functional professional tradition. (Treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia, Volume 45; also Göttingen Geographical Treatises, Volume 37), self-published by the Geographical Institute of the University of Göttingen, Göttingen 1966, DNB 456219595 , pp. 43 ff., 88.
  3. ↑ Otto Aden: Development and changing situations of selected trades in East Frisia from the middle of the 18th to the end of the 19th century (treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia, Volume 40), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1964, without ISBN, p. 200 .
  4. ↑ Jürgen Bünstorf: The East Frisian Fehnsiedlung as a regional type of settlement and carrier of socio-functional professional tradition. (Treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia, Volume 45; also Göttingen Geographical Treatises, Issue 37), self-published by the Geographical Institute of the University of Göttingen, Göttingen 1966, DNB 456219595 , p. 58 ff.
  5. ↑ Jürgen Bünstorf: The East Frisian Fehnsiedlung as a regional type of settlement and carrier of socio-functional professional tradition. (Treatises and lectures on the history of East Friesland, Volume 45; also Göttingen geographical treatises, volume 37), self-published by the Geographical Institute of the University of Göttingen, Göttingen 1966, DNB 456219595 , p. 102. Since there is no shipyard in the neighboring town of Hüllenerfehn in 1816, but in 1839 , a mere move of this company cannot be ruled out.
  6. ↑ Otto Aden: Development and changing situations of selected trades in East Frisia from the middle of the 18th to the end of the 19th century (treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia, Volume 40), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1964, without ISBN, p. 201 .
  7. ^ Nature conservation station ( memento from January 9, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on July 11, 2013.