Circwehrum

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Circwehrum
Parish Hinte
Coat of arms of Cirkwehrum
Coordinates: 53 ° 26 ′ 13 ″  N , 7 ° 10 ′ 13 ″  E
Height : 1 m above sea level NN
Residents : 188
Incorporation : July 1, 1972
Postal code : 26759
Area code : 04925
Church in the center of the village of Cirkwehrum

The East Frisian Warfendorf Cirkwehrum was an independent municipality until the early 1970s. From 1965 to 1972 it was part of the Hinte municipality . Now the village is a place within the unified community of Hinte . Cirkwehrum had around 188 inhabitants in 2019.

Surname

The place name Cirkwehrum has seen some changes over the centuries. Thus we find, for example, in East Frisian Urkundenbuch for 1346 spelling Cirquerum and 1381 Sircweren . The alphabetical-statistical directory for the Kingdom of Hanover named Cirkwehrum for the first time in 1825, which is still valid today .

As far as the derivation of the place name is concerned, there are different interpretations. The name researcher Bernhard Brons suspects the nickname Cir [c] k or Cirik in the first part of the name, while Gerhard Ohling , for example, assumes that it is derived from the old Frisian zerke or ziurke (= church ). In -wehrum , the second part of the name, it is highly likely that the dative plural of the Old Frisian were (= weir ; meant here plants "to ward off undesirable water and discharge"). In the Middle Low German period, Wehrum zu weren was used (compare Cirquerum with Sircweren ). Whether it is in the occupied for 1,825 name ending to a return to the original form of the name or an approximation of the so-called frequent order is East Frisian villages domain name is disputed.

A folk etymological legend explains the origin of the place name as follows: A carter named Cirk had loaded stones for the construction of an important building. When he reached the site of today's town of Cirkwehrum with his wagon, he heard the call “Cirk, fight back!” ( East Frisian Low German : “Cirk, back again!”). A bridge over which his planned route should lead had collapsed. Filled with anger, Cirk then unloaded the stones on the spot. A first small house, which was immediately built with it, was named Cirkwehrum and became the nucleus of the later village.

Location and transport links

The village of Cirkwehrum is a so-called cluster settlement . The terp on which it lies reaches a height of 3.9 meters above sea ​​level . In the west Cirkwehrum touches a Kleimarsch area , in the east a Knickmarsch area .

Cirkwehrum borders in the north and west on the Krummhörner locality Uttum , in the south on Westerhusen and Hinte and in the east on Osterhusen and Canhusen . To Hinte, the main town of the municipality, it is about 3 kilometers to the northwest. The district road K 229 connects the town to the north with the state road L 4 , into which it joins at Jennelt . To the south, the K 229 connects Cirkwehrum with the federal road 210 , which it meets in the urban area of Emden . The VEJ bus line 423b connects Cirkwehrum with the Krummhörner main town Pewsum and with the Emden main station. During the day, the bus runs every hour in both directions.

history

The beginnings of Cirkwehrum are in the dark. The first documented mentions date from the middle of the 14th century. After that, there was a fortified property in the village, which was owned by the influential Osterhuser chief Folkmar Allena . In 1379 the castle was completely cremated by Ocko tom Brok after the Battle of Loppersum . After the reconstruction, the castle was destroyed again in 1436 (probably by the Hamburg military).

For centuries, the natural depths and drainage channels that crisscross the Krummhörn in a dense network were the most important modes of transport. Not only the villages but also many farms were connected to the city of Emden and the port of Greetsiel via ditches and canals. The boat traffic with Emden was particularly important. Village boatmen took over the supply of goods from the city and delivered agricultural products in the opposite direction: “From the Sielhafenort, smaller ships, so-called Loogschiffe, transported the cargo to the inland and supplied the marsh villages (loog = village). The Loogschiffe from the Krummhörn enlivened the canals of the city of Emden into the 20th century. ”As early as 1824, the cultural historian Fridrich Arends wrote in his description of the land of the Principality of East Friesland and the Harlingerland :“ There is no office more abundant than this with water. (…) In winter and spring, the grain and other goods are always transported by water both in this and in the Greetmer office, which is extremely useful in the case of the poor dirt roads in the season. "

Peat, which was mostly extracted in the East Frisian Fehnen , played an important role as heating material for the inhabitants of the Krummhörn for centuries . The peat ships brought the material on the East Frisian canal network to the Krummhörn villages, including to Cirkwehrum. On their way back into the Fehnsiedlungen the Torfschiffer often took clay soil from the march and the manure of cattle with which they their home were dug fertilized land.

In April 1919 there were so-called "bacon removals" from Emden workers, which were followed by rioting on the farm workers. Together with the Rheiderland , the district of Emden was the part of East Frisia most affected by this unrest. Workers broke into the surrounding villages in closed trains and stole food from farmers in clashes. The situation only calmed down after the deployment of the Reichswehr troops stationed in the region . As a reaction to this, resident groups were formed in almost all villages in the Emden area . The Cirkwehrum resident army comprised 16 people. These had ten weapons. The resident services were only dissolved after a corresponding decree by the Prussian Interior Minister Carl Severing on April 10, 1920.

On July 1, 1972, Cirkwehrum was incorporated into the community of Hinte.

church

The Evangelical Reformed Cirkwehrum Church is in the village .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Leiner: Panorama district north . Norden 1972, DNB 730068935 , p. 95.
  2. ↑ Cirkwehrum village . Hinte.de; accessed on January 8, 2020.
  3. ↑ Unless otherwise stated, this section is based on Arend Remmers : Von Aaltukerei bis Zwischenmooren. The settlement names between Dollert and Jade. Verlag Schuster, Leer 2004, ISBN 3-7963-0359-5 , p. 50, column I (article Cirkwehrum ), p. 277, column II and 278 column I (article Wehr )
  4. ↑ For example Canum , Pewsum , Pilsum , Wybelsum etc.
  5. ^ Anne Haak-Lübbers: The north district (Aurich district). District description with spatial plan. (= The districts in Lower Saxony. Volume 5). Walter Dorn Verlag, Bremen-Horn 1951, p. 67, Sp I.
  6. ↑ local article Cirkwehrum, community Hinte, district Aurich (PDF) Ostfriesische Landschaft.de; accessed on January 11, 2020
  7. ↑ route map . (PDF) VEJ-Bus.de; accessed on January 9, 2020
  8. ^ Tilemann Dothias Wiarda: Ostfriesische Geschichte . Volume I (until 1439). August Friedrich Winter, Aurich 1791, p. 373
  9. ↑ Hinte.de: Cirkwehrum ; accessed on January 15, 2020
  10. ^ Harm Wiemann, Johannes Engelmann: Old streets and ways in East Friesland. (= East Frisia under the protection of the dike. Volume 8). Self-published, Pewsum 1974, DNB 750347147 , p. 169.
  11. ↑ Fridrich Arends: Earth description of the principality of East Friesland and the Harlingerland . Emden 1824, p. 279 ff. ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive )
  12. ^ Gunther Hummerich: The peat shipping of the Fehntjer in Emden and the Krummhörn in the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Emder yearbook for historical regional studies of East Frisia. Volume 88/89 (2008/2009), pp. 142-173, here p. 163.
  13. ↑ Hans Bernhard Eden: The Resident Defense Forces East Friesland from 1919 to 1921. In: Emder yearbook for historical regional studies of East Friesland . Volume 65, 1985, pp. 81-134, here pp. 94, 98, 105, 114.
  14. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 263 .