Suurhusen

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Suurhusen
Parish Hinte
Coat of arms of Suurhusen
Coordinates: 53 ° 24 ′ 50 ″  N , 7 ° 13 ′ 20 ″  E
Height : 0 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 1100
Incorporation : July 1, 1972
Postal code : 26759
Area code : 04925

Suurhusen is a place in East Frisia and today a district of the municipality of Hinte in the district of Aurich with about 1100 inhabitants.

Location, area and geology

The place is a good five kilometers north of the city center of Emden and about two kilometers east of the center of Hinte. To the west, the Rheine – Norddeich Mole railway runs towards the north / north dike , where there used to be a stop . Since the construction of the bypass road , motor vehicle traffic on the B 210 (formerly in this section B 70 ) towards Aurich / Norden has been diverted past the eastern edge of the village. The Knockster Tief , a drainage run to the North Sea, also affects the place.

In total, the district covers an area of ​​nine square kilometers. The soils consist of kink and Kleimarsch , which rise in Suurhusen to heights of four meters above sea level (NN). Suurhusen was originally a clustered village , but has increasingly developed into a scattered settlement through the designation of new building areas .

history

Suurhusen was formerly also called Zuiderhusen (Süderhusen), probably in contrast to the nearby towns of Osterhusen and Westerhusen . Like this one, the place is likely an upgraded settlement from the back. The village was first mentioned in 1255 as de Sutherhusem . Later spellings were tu Suderhusum (1439), Suhrhußen (1579) and Suhrhausen (1645). The name Suurhusen has been used since 1825. The place name is of old Frisian origin and denotes the houses to the south .

A stone found in the old church tower with the year 1004 and ceramic finds indicate that the village is much older.

For centuries, the natural depths and drainage channels that crisscross the Krummhörn in a dense network were the most important modes of transport. Not only the villages but also many farms were connected to the city of Emden and the port of Greetsiel via ditches and canals. The boat traffic with Emden was particularly important. Village boatmen took over the supply of goods from the city and delivered agricultural products in the opposite direction: “From the Sielhafenort, smaller ships, so-called Loog ships, transported the cargo to the inland and supplied the marsh villages (loog = village). The Loogschiffe from the Krummhörn enlivened the canals of the city of Emden into the 20th century. ”As early as 1824, the cultural historian Fridrich Arends wrote in his description of the land of the Principality of East Friesland and the Harlingerland :“ There is no office more abundant than this with water. (…) In winter and spring, the grain and other goods are always transported by water both in this and in the Greetmer office, which is extremely useful in the case of the poor dirt roads in the season. "

Peat, which was mostly extracted in the East Frisian Fehnen , played an important role as heating material for the inhabitants of the Krummhörn for centuries . The peat ships brought the material along the East Frisian canal network to the Krummhörn villages, including Suurhusen. On their way back into the Fehnsiedlungen the Torfschiffer often took clay soil from the march and the manure of cattle with which they their home were dug fertilized land.

In April 1919 there were so-called "bacon removals" from Emden workers, which were followed by rioting on the farm workers. Together with the Rheiderland , the district of Emden was the part of East Frisia most affected by this unrest. Workers broke into the surrounding villages in closed trains and stole food from farmers in clashes. The situation only calmed down after the deployment of the Reichswehr troops stationed in the region . As a reaction to this, resident groups were formed in almost all villages in the Emden area . The Suurhusen Resident Guard comprised 51 people. These had 20 weapons. The resident services were only dissolved after a corresponding decree by the Prussian Interior Minister Carl Severing on April 10, 1920.

The formerly independent local congregation has been part of the newly established Hinte unitary congregation since the communal reform of July 1, 1972 .

Attractions

The leaning tower of Suurhusen

The church in Suurhusen is reminiscent of the old fortress churches of earlier times. It was built in the first half of the 13th century. Originally the church was 32 meters long and 9.35 meters wide. In 1450 the nave was shortened by a quarter and the tower was placed on top. This 27.37 meter high tower is known as the Leaning Tower of Suurhusen : with an inclination of 5.1939 °, it is considered the most leaning tower in the world and surpasses the more famous Leaning Tower of Pisa , which has an inclination of 5.08 °. It is built on oak trunks that have rotted after a lowering of the groundwater level because air got into the wood.

The church can be visited on request.

In the middle of the village is the agricultural workers ' museum , in which the life of a working class family in earlier times is illustrated.

people

Web links

Commons : Suurhusen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e municipality of Hinte: Suurhusen
  2. ↑ a b Ortschronisten der Ostfriesischen Landschaft: Suurhusen, municipality Hinte, district Aurich (PDF; 674 kB) accessed on March 23, 2013.
  3. ^ Harm Wiemann / Johannes Engelmann: Old streets and ways in East Frisia . Self-published, Pewsum 1974, p. 169 (East Frisia in the protection of the dyke; 8)
  4. ↑ Fridrich Arends: Erdbeschreibung des Fürstenthums Ostfriesland and Harlingerland , Emden 1824, p. 279 ff., Textarchiv - Internet Archive .
  5. ^ Gunther Hummerich: The peat shipping of the Fehntjer in Emden and the Krummhörn in the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Emder Yearbook for Historical Regional Studies in Ostfriesland , Volume 88/89 (2008/2009), pp. 142–173, here p. 163.
  6. Jump up ↑ Hans Bernhard Eden: The Resident Services of Ostfriesland from 1919 to 1921. In: Emder Yearbook for Historical Regional Studies Ostfriesland , Volume 65 (1985), pp. 81-134, here pp. 94, 98, 105, 114.
  7. ^ Community of Hinte: Political development of the community of Hinte
  8. ↑ Martin Zips: “I beg you! Pisa! ” (Interview with Pastor Frank Wessels), sueddeutsche.de, October 18, 2007