Landscape polder
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Landscape polder
municipality Bunde
Coordinates: 53 ° 13 ′ 49 ″ N , 7 ° 15 ′ 8 ″ E
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| Height : | 1 (0.5-2) m |
| Area : | 11.2 km² |
| Residents : | 127 (2005) |
| Population density : | 11 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1973 |
| Incorporated into: | Dollard |
| Postal code : | 26831 |
| Area code : | 04953 |
 Location of Bunde
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Landschaftspolder is a street village in the Rheiderland , an East Frisian area in northwest Germany . The west end of the village borders directly on the Netherlands . Politically it belongs to the municipality of Bunde and is part of the village of Dollart . Around 130 people live in the Landschaftspolder.
Geography and geology
Landschaftspolder is located immediately east of the Dutch border. In the north the place borders on the later canal polder , in the west on Ditzumerverlaat and in the south on Bunde , the main town of the municipality.
Closest cities are Leer (15 km as the crow flies), Emden (17 kilometers as the crow flies) on the German side and Winschoten (15 km as the crow flies) and Groningen (45 km as the crow flies) on the Dutch side. The village was laid out as a row settlement along an artificial waterway . The place is on marshland, a very productive, mineral soil with a particularly high lime content, which here reaches 90 to 93 arable land .
Development of the place name
Landscape polders developed on new land areas washed up by the sea. Sediments encamped in the tide from the sea on the Watt from. This area was first referred to as Wynhamster Outer Dike , and later as Bunder Anwachs . After reaching a certain height, the embankment was carried out . These areas reclaimed from the sea are known as Groden in northeastern East Friesland , but as polder in the western part . So the area was first named Neuer Bunder Polder , then Prussia Polder , Friedrichspolder and finally Königspolder . After it was sold to the East Frisian landscape in 1756, it became the name of the new landscape polder , then the Prussian landscape polder before the current name landscape polder became established.
history
The area of today's Dollart and the areas reclaimed from the sea is old settlement land that was still densely populated in the late Middle Ages. The bay , like the Jade Bay , is the result of sea invasions in the late Middle Ages , during which the water largely cleared the original moorland . With the creation of the Dollard and the collapse of the Emsbank, at least 20 parishes, ten to 15 other smaller villages and three monasteries perished. The eastern dollar bosom formed in the first half of the 15th century. As early as 1454 an emergency dike was built from the solid bank of the Ems across the moor to the high Geest near Finsterwolde, which was supposed to protect the Oldambt . The western bosom, on the area of which the Landschaftspolder lies, was probably not created until the 1460s. Large parts of this area were still largely untouched by the sea when the Second Cosmas and Damian Floods in 1509 and then the Antoni Flood in 1511 penetrated far into the interior.
The earliest evidence of human presence in landscape polders is an antler ax . It was found in 1992 on the Bunder-prospective dike and dated to the Mesolithic or the younger Bronze Age. However, there are no finds from later times up to the dike.
The gradual reclamation of land in the Dollard began in Bunderneuland around the year 1600 under the rule of the local Counts and Princely House of the Cirksena . After the Prussians came to power, they had further dikes planned in East Frisia. The southern Dollard turned out to be the most promising area. In the meantime, so much sediment had deposited there that it seemed possible to gain a larger area with a new dike. The total cost of the project was estimated at 100,000 Thalers. It was the first planned major land reclamation campaign by the Prussians in the region. Despite the high investments involved, the dykes promised economic success. After his visit in 1751, Frederick II approved the project.
With an area of 12.25 km², the area was the largest polder in East Frisia at the time. Especially for the project, 2,000 workers were recruited at the king's expense, who began to dike what was then known as the new Bunder Polder in April 1752 and, despite the difficult weather, were able to complete the construction of the dyke on December 1st with only a month's delay. The previously estimated amount was adhered to.
After the dike work was completed, the settlement began. For this purpose, a seven kilometer long path was created in the middle of the diked land and parallel to it a depression for drainage. The newly created land was divided into parcels on which 24 large farms and several smaller craftsmen's houses were built on the south-eastern side of the path. Of these, three farms with an area of 205 ha were sold and the rest leased. Most of the first tenants came from the Netherlands and were of the Reformed denomination.
After plans for an originally planned company to exploit the new land failed, the leased farms and areas were finally sold to the East Frisian landscape in 1756 for 240,000 Reichstaler. In 1768 the reformed landscape polder church was built in the center of the village at the instigation of the farmers and following a permit from King Frederick the Great . The house of God built with own funds is the only one in the East Frisian polder areas. In 1766 the first public school was established.
After the battle of Jena and Auerstedt in 1806, East Friesland was incorporated into the Kingdom of Holland and thus into the French sphere of influence. This annexation was recognized by Prussia in the Peace of Tilsit in 1807 . Under the rule of the Netherlands in 1807 an administrative reorganization took place. So the place became the Commune Landschapspolder , to which the communities Heinitzpolder , Bunderhammrich , Böhmerwold and Sankt Georgiwold were affiliated until 1815 . The next higher authorities were the canton of Jemgum in the Arrondissement of Winschoten in the Ems-Occidental (Wester Eems) department. After Napoleon's defeat, the old administrative structures were restored and the individual communities of the Commune Landschapspolder became independent again.
From 1833 onwards, the settlers were able to convert their leases in the East Frisian landscape into property. Towards the end of the century, a cooperative in Landschaftspolder procured the second steam engine ever used in East Frisian agriculture in 1874. The place was electrified in 1934, connected to the water supply in 1963 and finally to the gas supply in 1987. After the Second World War , 80 hectares were assigned to the Netherlands as part of an area correction. In 1966 the Samtgemeinde Dollart, named after the nearby bay , was founded, which consisted of the localities Ditzumerhammrich, Ditzumerverlaat, Bunderhammrich, Heinitzpolder and Kanalpolder . Landschaftspolder joined the Samtgemeinde in 1969. In 1973 this lost its independence and was accepted into the joint municipality of Bunde. Landschaftspolder was incorporated into the new Dollart community on January 1, 1973. Since November 1, 2001, the place has belonged to the Bunde community.
Population development
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Landscape polder today has around 130 inhabitants, making it one of the smallest towns in East Frisia.
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literature
- Hartmut Rebuschat: Landscape polder. Life on the ocean floor . Self-published, Landschaftspolder 2007.
- Klaas-Dieter Voss (Ed.): The families of the parish Landschaftspolder (1766–1911) (= Ostfriesland Ortssippenbücher . Volume 62 ). Upstalsboom-Gesellschaft, Aurich 2002, ISBN 3-934508-09-X (German Ortssippenbücher, Volume A 316).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Hartmut Rebuschat (local chronicle of the East Frisian landscape ): Landschaftspolder, community Bunde, district Leer (PDF; 451 kB), viewed September 1, 2012.
- ^ Karl-Ernst Behre, Hajo van Lengen : Ostfriesland. History and shape of a cultural landscape . Aurich 1995, ISBN 3-925365-85-0 , p. 357.
- ^ Thorsten Melchers: Ostfriesland: Prussia's atypical province? Prussian integration policy in the 18th century . Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Diss., 2002, p. 236, also available for download .
- ↑ a b c Thorsten Melchers: Ostfriesland: Prussia's atypical province? Prussian integration policy in the 18th century . Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Diss., 2002, p. 237, also available for download .
- ^ Thorsten Melchers: Ostfriesland: Prussia's atypical province? Prussian integration policy in the 18th century . Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Diss., 2002, p. 238, also available for download .
- ↑ Gemeinde-Bunde.de: Churches ( Memento of the original from November 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , seen September 1, 2012.
- ^ Walter Deeters: Small State and Province. General history of modern times . In: Karl-Ernst Behre / Hajo van Lengen: Ostfriesland. History and shape of a cultural landscape . Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1995, ISBN 3-925365-85-0 , p. 167.
- ↑ a b c Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 263 .
- ↑ Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2001. StBA
- ↑ Rebuschat: Landschaftspolder . 2007, p. 130.
