Tjüche

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Tjücher mill

Tjüche has been part of the Marienhafe area in the East Frisian district of Aurich since 1972 . Before that, the place was an independent congregation and a founding member of the Brookmerland joint congregation .

Surname

The name Tjüche appears more frequently in this or a similar spelling as a place name or as part of a place name. According to A. Schöneboom, Tjüch / e / n (translated: yoke ) was originally a “land measure” for “the area [...] that could be plowed with a yoke of oxen in one day.” According to Arend Remmers , Tjüche could also be derived from the old Frisian tiuche derive, which referred to "individual areas of the Dorfmark that were worked on jointly by working groups". Karl Leiner suspects that Tjüche means something like border . In the East Frisian Dictionary , the note finds that Tjücht was also in use as the name of courtyards and small living quarters, which were near the old spiritual foundations and monasteries and where, under whose administration cattle breeding (= Tjücht ) was operated. The history of the village of Tjüche suggests that the latter interpretation of the name applies here. Stone finds in the border area of ​​the village of Tjüche indicate the earlier existence of a monastery.

For 1583 the place name is documented as in the Tiuche and for 1735 as in Jüch . The current spelling can be found from 1787 at the latest.

Location, geology and transport links

The district of Tjüche extends in a west-east direction over a length of over seven kilometers with a maximum width of 750 meters. In terms of area, the place is almost three times the size of the Marienhafe area before the local reform in 1972 (302 ha / 104 ha).

location

Tjüche is surrounded exclusively by the member communities of the Brookmerland community; starting in the north and then going clockwise: Osteel , Leezdorf , Rechtsupweg , Upgant-Schott , (core town Marienhafe) and Werdenum . The consequences of the sea invasions, which occurred in the Leybucht area around 1362 and 1374 and made Marienhafe a port, can still be seen. The dyke construction that followed left its mark in Tjüche in the area of ​​the Hingstlandweg . One of the remnants of the Leybuchteinbruchs is the Störtebekertief , which forms the border between Tjüche and Upgant-Schott over a longer stretch.

geology

In the west of Tjüche there is clay-rich boggy and brackish marsh soil . The predominant use here is as grassland and arable land . Gley and Plaggenesch determine the soil quality in the central area of ​​the village. The natural soil quality in the Tjücher Randmarsch- / Geest area is classified with III (= "medium soil quality"). The eastern part of Tjüches was originally a typical moor landscape , just like the neighboring towns . However, it was peeled off by settlers using the stretching method.

Transport links

The federal highway 72 crosses Tjüche in a north-south direction. It connects the Marienhafer district with the cities of Norden and Emden . The next motorway entrance is also located there. Regional trains from Norddeich and Emden stop at the station in Marienhafe, long-distance trains in Norden- Süderneuland I and Emden. The VEJ bus line 411 has stops in Marienhafe and Osteel for Tjüche.

history

The beginnings of Tjüche are in the dark. Pottery finds indicate settlement in the Middle Ages . The first settlers - it is believed - came from the unconscious marshland. Rising sea levels and, as a result, increasing flooding in the old residential areas, prompted people to seek protection on the higher geest . The narrow strip east of the Alter Postweg seems to have been the first settlement area for flood-damaged marshlands in Tjüche. A planned development of the western Geestrand areas of the northern Brookmerland probably only happened in the 13th or 14th century. The original Tjücher Hufensiedlung is not conceivable without official organizational help , even if the Brokmerbrief from the 13th century , the medieval "Constitution of Brookmerland", still comes from the rural community organized as a cooperative. With the Hufensiedlung the Upstrekenrecht was connected. It allowed every farm owner to gradually expand the part of the corridor behind his house by reclamation until he reached the processing limit of his rear neighbor. This resulted in long but narrow strips of land in Tjüche and in many other places. In front of the farms there was usually shared land, the so-called common land . In Tjüche the cooperative meadows were in front of the former dike, that is, west of the old settlement. The meadows mentioned were used as communal pastures until 1968. A shepherd employed by the municipal administration , who lived in the municipality's Vennhuus , was responsible for the supervision of the cattle .

16th to 19th century

The town of Tjüche was first mentioned in 1583. In the Greetsieler dyke register , which lists the farmers and stove owners who are obliged to maintain the dike, it says: "They live in the Tiuche and [...] liggen, Willumer and Vpganter with eren Dyck". The cloths mentioned here then used a total of 52 grasses and six flocks. The village's pawn dykes were probably located near Degenfeld and were 65 meters long. Initially, Tjüche was legally affiliated to the neighboring village of Osteel. This emerges, among other things, from the collection of Osteel peasant law and the Kedden order . It appeared in 1654 and claimed validity not only for the five Osteel Theene (= sub-areas), but also for the "in't Tiuche" occupied country. Since, according to this regulation, each sub-area was allowed to send a representative, a so-called Kedde , to the village council, Tjüche was represented by a council member in the Osteel municipal administration. From 1719, the connection to the southern neighboring town of Marienhafe, to whose parish it belonged anyway, was strengthened . It was not until the second half of the 19th century that Tjüche developed into an independent municipality, headed by a master builder. In 1842, however, several Tjücher farmers applied to unite their village with Marienhafe. The matter fizzled out because a vote by the Tjucher villagers demanded by the Royal Office in the north was not carried out. In 1856 the local boundaries between Tjüche and the neighboring area were redrawn. In the process, Tjücher lost large parts of its territory to Marienhafe. Nevertheless, the village developed into a so-called small commune in the following years . In 1875 she adopted the constitutional statute for the rural community of Tjüche . In it the regulations for local elections, the community board and the community assemblies were laid down. Incidentally, until the 20th century, large areas of the eastern Tjücher areas were owned by the Counts of In- and Knyphausen .

Until 1884 Tjüche belonged to the north office (previously Berum office ) and then to the north district .

20th century

In the early years of the Weimar Republic , the Tjücher were primarily liberal- conservative. In Tjüche, for example, the German Democratic Party received around 44 percent of the votes cast at the German National Assembly in 1919. The second strongest force in the village were the Social Democrats with around 29 percent. In the 1920 Reichstag election , the German National People's Party was at the top with 33 percent of the vote , followed by the Social Democrats with around 25 percent. In the 1928 election , the German National People's Party and the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) shared first place; both parties came to 36 percent each. Two years later , the NSDAP already received 53 percent of the Tjücher votes, the Social Democrats were still able to keep their share of 25 percent. That changed with the elections in July 1932 and November 1932 . The proportion of the NSDAP grew to 71 and 65 percent, the German Nationals received 18 (23) percent. The result of the Reichstag election in March 1933 was similar .

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In the local elections after the National Socialists came to power on April 1, 1933, the community leader who had been in office since September 1922 was confirmed. On March 1, 1935, the higher authority took it over as the community school .

One of the landowners in Tjüche was the Jewish cattle dealer Eliazar Pinto (1893–1943) , who lived in Upgant-Schott at the time . In July 1942, a farmer from Osteel applied to the regional cultural department in Hanover to purchase the land that was owned by Jews. Pinto was murdered in Auschwitz one year after this application .

On August 1, 1969, Tjüche merged with the communities Leezdorf , Marienhafe , Osteel , Rechtsupweg and Siegelum to form the joint community of Brookmerland . In the same year, the Upgant-Schott community and in 1971 the Willum community joined the association. Three years later, on July 1, 1972, Tjüche was voluntarily incorporated into the Marienhafe district, which she thus became. Since the municipal reform, the joint community Brookmerland (and thus also Tjüche) has belonged to the Aurich district .

coat of arms

Coat of arms Tjueche.png

The Tjücher coat of arms shows a golden wall reinforced with battlements in the base of the shield. A golden eagle grows from it on a blue background. There is a crown each on its head and its two wing axes.

This coat of arms shows the emblems of the medieval rule to which Tjüche belonged. The triple-crowned eagle refers to the family of chiefs of tom Brok , the tinned wall to their chief's seat in Oldeborg . The colors gold and blue create a relationship with the former district town of Norden .

The coat of arms was officially introduced in November 1963 by decision of the council of the then still independent municipality of Tjüche.

literature

  • Waldemar Reinhardt: The local and land forms of East Frisia in their settlement history development . In: Volume I of the series Ostfriesland in the protection of the dike. Contributions to the cultural and economic history of the East Frisian coastal region (Ed. Jannes Ohling on behalf of the Niederemsischen Deichacht and its legal successor the Deichacht Krummhörn ). Self-published by Deichacht: Pewsum 1969. Here: pp. 267–269
  • Karl Leiner: Panorama North District . Self-published by Landkreis Norden : Norden 1972. pp. 415–418
  • Arend Remmers: From Aaltukerei to Zwischenmooren. The settlement names between Dollart and Jade , Leer 2004, pp. 220 and 275

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See for example Tjüchen , living space within the city of Wittmund or Tjüche in the municipality of Westoverledingen .
  2. ↑ A. Schöneboom: Article Filsum. The corridor and its names , in Ostfriesischer Haus-Kalender or Hausfreund , born in 1955, pp. 47–53
  3. ^ Arend Remmers: From Aaltukerei to Zwischenmooren. The settlement names between Dollart and Jade , Leer 2004, p. 220; 275
  4. ^ Karl Leiner: Panorama district north . Self-published by Landkreis Norden : Norden 1972. p. 417
  5. ^ Cirk Heinrich Stürenburg: East Frisian Dictionary (reprint of the Aurich 1857 edition), Leer 1996, p. 283; see also Dictionary of the East Frisian Language (Ed. Jan ten Doonkaat Koolman), Norden 1879–1884, Volume III, p. 417
  6. ^ Karl Leiner: Panorama district north . Self-published by Landkreis Norden : Norden 1972. p. 417
  7. ↑ More information and locations from Arend Remmers: From Aaltukerei to Zwischenmooren. The settlement names between Dollart and Jade , Leer 2004, p. 220
  8. ^ Karl Leiner: Panorama district north . Self-published by the district of Norden : Norden 1972. p. 417; P. 273
  9. ^ Ostfriesische Landschaft.de / Harm Bents: Tjüche, Marienhafe municipality, Brookmerland municipality, Aurich district (PDF online, p. 1) ; accessed on March 9, 2020
  10. ^ Anne Haack-Lübbers: The north district (Aurich district). District description with district planning plan . Volume 5 in the series Die deutschen Landkreise. Lower Saxony series . Walter Dorn Publisher: Bremen-Horn 1951. p. 42
  11. ^ Ostfriesische Landschaft.de / Harm Bents: Tjüche, Marienhafe municipality, Brookmerland municipality, Aurich district (PDF online, p. 1) ; accessed on March 9, 2020
  12. ↑ Bahn.de: Timetable line 411 ; accessed on March 9, 2020
  13. ^ Ostfriesische Landschaft.de / Harm Bents: Tjüche, Marienhafe municipality, Brookmerland municipality, Aurich district (PDF online, p. 1f) ; accessed on March 11, 2020
  14. ↑ Waldemar Reinhardt: The local and land forms of East Frisia in their settlement history development . In: Volume I of the series Ostfriesland in the protection of the dike. Contributions to the cultural and economic history of the East Frisian coastal region (Ed. Jannes Ohling on behalf of the Niederemsischen Deichacht and its legal successor the Deichacht Krummhörn ). Self-published by Deichacht: Pewsum 1969. Here: p. 269
  15. ^ Karl Leiner: Panorama district north . Self-published by Landkreis Norden : Norden 1972. p. 417
  16. ^ Ostfriesische Landschaft.de / Harm Bents: Tjüche, Marienhafe municipality, Brookmerland municipality, Aurich district (PDF online, p. 2) ; accessed on March 19, 2020
  17. ^ Ostfriesische Landschaft.de / Harm Bents: Tjüche, Marienhafe municipality, Brookmerland municipality, Aurich district (PDF online, p. 5f) ; accessed on March 29, 2020
  18. ↑ Werner Teuber: Jewish cattle dealers in East Friesland and in the northern Emsland. 1871-1942 . Verlag Runge GmbH: Cloppenburg 1995. ISBN 3-926720-22-0 . P. 159
  19. ↑ Yadvashem.org: Eliazar ELI ASAR PINTO ; accessed on March 29, 2020
  20. ^ Ostfriesische Landschaft.de / Harm Bents: Tjüche, Marienhafe community, Brookmerland district, Aurich district (PDF online, p. 3) ; accessed on March 27, 2020
  21. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 264 .
  22. ^ Karl Leiner: Panorama district north . Self-published by Landkreis Norden : Norden 1972. p. 415
  23. ^ Ostfriesische Landschaft.de / Harm Bents: Tjüche, Marienhafe municipality, Brookmerland municipality, Aurich district (PDF online, p. 4) ; accessed on March 6, 2020

Coordinates: 53 ° 32 '  N , 7 ° 16'  E