Marienchor

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Marienchor
Jemgum parish
Coat of arms of the Marienchor
Coordinates: 53 ° 15 ′ 9 ″  N , 7 ° 19 ′ 6 ″  E
Height : -0.8-1.4 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 38  (Jun 30, 2015)
Incorporation : 1st January 1973
Postal code : 26844
Area code : 04958
map
Map of the Rheiderland
The St. Maria Church in Marienchor
The St. Maria Church in Marienchor

Marienchor has been part of the municipality of Jemgum in the district of Leer in Lower Saxony since January 1, 1973 . The head of the village is Wilfried-Otto Boekhoff.

Location, area and geology

The Marienchor row settlement is located in the middle of the Lower Rhine region on the way from Nendorp to Weener and Bunde . In total, the district covers an area of ​​457 hectares , making it the second smallest district of Jemgum in terms of area. Most of the subsoil consists of organic marshland and articulated marshland , which is underlain by low and high moor areas . The populated part of the place is slightly elevated on a sand island, to about 0.2 to 1.4  m above sea level. NHN . The surrounding area, on the other hand, is roughly at sea level. The lowest point is reached at about 0.8  m below sea level.

history

The area around Marienchor originally consisted of poorly usable, low-lying Meedland . To the north of the village was the Marienchorer Meer, an inland lake. The Marienchor Aufstrecksiedlung is probably of high or late medieval origin. According to the name it is a daughter settlement of Critzum . Possibly the initiative for the settlement came from the nearby Kommende Dünebroek . This is indicated by field names such as monasteries or monastery houses . The coming one owned two farms and the patronage rights of Marienchor. The place was first mentioned in a document in 1472 as Marienkoer . Later names are Krytzemewalt (around 1475), Crismerwolt alias corus virginis (around 1500), Mariencour (1564) and Marien Kohr (1645). The current spelling has been official since 1825. The name translates to Church of the (Virgin) Mary and refers to the local St. Mary's Church .

After the division of the medieval Rheiderland at the beginning of the modern era into Oberrheiderland and Niederrheiderland, the Niederrheiderland was assigned to the Emden office. Since then, Marienchor has formed a parish in the Bailiwick of Jemgum in the Emden district. This dissolved the new rulers during the Napoleonic era. From 1807, under Dutch and later French rule, the Marienchor was part of the canton of Jemgum in the Arrondissement of Winschoten. This in turn was a subdivision of the Ems-Occidental département and thus part of the Groninger Land. After the Congress of Vienna , the new rulers from the Kingdom of Hanover created the Jemgum office in 1817, to which the Marienchor belonged until its dissolution in 1859. It was then part of the Weener Office, which in 1885 became the Weener District . Since its dissolution in 1932, the Marienchor has belonged to the district of Leer.

From 1930 Marienchor was an important base of the NSDAP . This was clearly shown in the 1932 presidential election , in which Adolf Hitler was able to unite over 70 percent of the votes in the Marienchor.

In the time of National Socialism , the preacher Heinrich Gerhard Bokeloh was in opposition to the new rulers. He belonged to the Confessing Church and was arrested for his statements about the attack on Poland in September 1939 and came via Emden to the Oranienburg concentration camp , where he was detained for two and a half years. During the war there was a spotlight on the bridge over the Coldeborg low . In April 1945 the Canadians set up an artillery position in Marienchor from which they shelled Emden. During this time the northern part of the Marienchor had to be cleared for six days. The place was also cleared for looting by Canadians, slave laborers and prisoners of war.

In the immediate post-war period, the proportion of refugees and displaced persons in the village population was 29.2 percent. By 1950 it rose to 39.7 percent and was thus well above the average values ​​in East Frisia. On the one hand, this was due to the fact that the district of Leer was the most heavily populated of the three East Frisian districts with refugees from the East , because - in contrast to the districts of Aurich and Wittmund - it was not used as an internment area for prisoners of war German soldiers. On the other hand, the Marienchor was considered a relatively rich and well-supplied marshland community.

In 1961, the Marienchor merged with the communities of Jemgum, Midlum, Holtgaste, Critzum and Böhmerwold to form the first integrated community in Lower Saxony.

On January 1, 1973, the municipalities of Jemgum, Böhmerwold, Critzum, Ditzum, Hatzum, Holtgaste, Marienchor, Midlum, Nendorp, Oldendorp and Pogum were combined to form the unitary municipality of Jemgum as part of the Lower Saxony municipal reform .

Population development

With 38 inhabitants, Marienchor is the smallest district in the municipality of Jemgum. The population has declined sharply since the 1950s.

year 1823 1848 1871 1885 1905 1925 1933 1939 1946 1950 1956 1961 1994 2005 2015
Residents 93 120 100 115 116 112 104 103 167 156 79 87 55 45 38

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h local chronicles of the East Frisian landscape:  Marienchor, community Jemgum, district Leer (PDF; 709 kB). Accessed July 22, 2013
  2. ↑ Marienwer in the Rheiderland is accidentally mentioned in a church play list around 1475 ; this is obviously the Marienwehr near Emden
  3. ↑ Bernhard Parisius : Many sought their own homeland. Refugees and displaced persons in western Lower Saxony (Treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia, Volume 79), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 2004, ISBN 3-932206-42-8 , p. 47. Im Following Parisius: Refugees.
  4. ↑ Rudi Meyer: When Jemgum made headlines in January 1962 , in: Ostfriesen-Zeitung , January 12, 2012, PDF document, accessed from the website of the Jemgum municipality on January 1, 2013.
  5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 263 .