Ostrhauderfehn

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the municipality of Ostrhauderfehn
Ostrhauderfehn
Map of Germany, position of the municipality Ostrhauderfehn highlighted

Coordinates: 53 ° 8 '  N , 7 ° 37'  E

Basic data
State : Lower Saxony
County : Empty
Height : 2 m above sea level NHN
Area : 51 km 2
Residents: 11,318 (Dec 31, 2019)
Population density : 222 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 26842
Area code : 04952
License plate : LER
Community key : 03 4 57 017
LOCODE : DE OHF
Community structure: 6 districts
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Hauptstrasse 117
26842 Ostrhauderfehn
Website : www.ostrhauderfehn.de
Mayor : Günter Harders (independent)
Location of the municipality of Ostrhauderfehn in the district of Leer
Borkum Lütje Horn (gemeindefrei) Bunde Weener Westoverledingen Rhauderfehn Leer (Ostfriesland) Ostrhauderfehn Detern Jemgum Moormerland Nortmoor Brinkum Neukamperfehn Holtland Firrel Schwerinsdorf Filsum Uplengen Hesel Landkreis Leer Landkreis Leer (Borkum) Niedersachsen Landkreis Emsland Königreich der Niederlande Emden Landkreis Aurich Landkreis Wittmund Landkreis Friesland Landkreis Ammerland Landkreis Cloppenburgmap
About this picture

Ostrhauderfehn ( East Frisian Ōsterfēn ) is a municipality in the district of Leer in East Friesland . The administrative seat of the municipality is the district of the same name. The name of the community comes from the Fehnsiedlung of the same name, founded in 1769 , which in turn is named after the old Geestdorf Rhaude in the northwest of the neighboring community Rhauderfehn . The adjective is Ostrhauderfehntjer with the Ostfriesi Platt German usual diminutive - (t) each.

geography

Position and extent

The municipality of Ostrhauderfehn is the most southeastern municipality in East Friesland in the northwest of the German state of Lower Saxony . Politically, it belongs to the district of Leer and is located in the southeast of the same on the border with the districts of Cloppenburg and Emsland . Ostrhauderfehn, together with the municipalities of Rhauderfehn and Westoverledingen, forms the Overledingerland , one of the four historical regions in the area of ​​today's district of Leer. The other three are the Moormerland , the Lengenerland and the Rheiderland .

The center of Ostrhauderfehn is a little more than 14 kilometers southeast of the district town of Leer. The closest major city is Oldenburg , around 41 kilometers to the east. The largest north-south extension between the Jümmiger Hammrich in the north and the district border to the Emsland in Westermoor is about 15.5 kilometers, the largest east-west extension along the Leda near Potshausen a little more than 5 kilometers.

With 10,658 inhabitants spread over just 51 square kilometers, the rural community is quite densely populated. There are an average of 209 inhabitants per square kilometer. This means that Ostrhauderfehn is not only well above the East Frisian average of 148 inhabitants per square kilometer, but also above the Lower Saxony average (168) and only slightly below the national average (230). This is the twelfth highest value among all municipalities in East Frisia, and even the fifth highest at the unit municipality level after the cities of Leer, Emden, Norden and Norderney. With around 10,600 inhabitants, the municipality ranks 19th among the most populous municipalities in East Frisia . Among those unified communities on the East Frisian mainland that are not members of a joint community , Ostrhauderfehn is the second smallest in terms of area .

The regional spatial planning program of the district of Leer assigns the main town Ostrhauderfehn and the immediately neighboring town Idafehn the function of a basic center for the municipality.

Geology, hydrology and soils

The geological picture of the community is - as in all of East Frisia - determined by the Pleistocene and the Holocene . The few geest areas belong to the Pleistocene strata . The soils of the East Frisian Geest consist of deck sands and boulder clay . Geest areas can be found in Ostrhauderfehn especially along the Langholter Tief, where drifting sand areas are to the left and right of the river. Along the lows follow fen areas the river.

Layers of peat in the bog

In addition to the above-mentioned fen areas along the Langholter Tief, the Holocene layers include by far the largest part of the municipal area. In the north of the municipality is the Leda river marsh . The Leda is a tidal river, which is still noticeable on the Ostrhauderfehntjer section: Even at the easternmost point of the Leda, which is still in the municipality, the tidal range is 80 cm. Along the river marsh of the Leda there are moorland areas on the edge, i.e. those (low) moorland areas that were flooded by sediments of silty clay in earlier centuries. The sediments are about 40 centimeters thick on average.

Large parts of the municipal area are raised bog areas and transitional bogs (now mostly pitted ) . The extreme south of the municipality consists of raised bog areas. These are rain bogs , more precisely plateau rain bogs . They began to emerge around 11,000 years ago. Most of these bog areas belong to the Esterweger Dose nature reserve. The central part of the municipal area (Ostrhauderfehn, Idafehn, Holterfehn) lies on strongly humus soil on recultivated peat areas, locally also on moorland . The soils consist of sandy peat, sand or loamy sand and are in places above loam and clay. When peat was cut in earlier centuries, the top layer of white peat was first dug up in order to get to the black peat below, which, in contrast to white peat, was suitable as fuel when dry. After the peat was removed , the white peat layer, mostly together with manure brought in from the East Frisian marshes, was put back onto the peated field and used for agriculture.

In addition to the Leda and the Fehn canals, the waters also include several smaller inland lakes, including Lake Ida .

Land use

Land use 2011
use Area in ha
Buildings and open spaces 698
including living space 543
including commercial and industrial areas 38
Operating areas 42
of which mining areas 34
Recreational areas 35
including green spaces 19th
Traffic areas 264
of which streets, paths, squares 251
Agricultural land 3.151
of which moors 29
Bodies of water 256
Forest areas 157
Areas of other use 497
including cemeteries 3
of it land 118
total area 5,100

The land use table shows the large proportion of agricultural land in the municipality: It is around 61.2 percent and is thus above the national average of 52 percent. In a comparison between East Frisia and East Frisia, however, Ostrhauderfehn only has little agricultural land. In the entire region, the share of agriculture in the total area is around 75 percent.

With five percent water surface share, Ostrhauderfehn clearly exceeds the national average of around two percent, which is not only due to the Fehnkanal, but also to the Leda in the north of the municipality as well as several inland lakes and geest brooks such as the Langholter Tief. The proportion of forests in Ostrhauderfehn is slightly more than three percent and thus slightly above the East Frisian average of 2.6 percent, which is extremely below the proportion of forests in the total area of ​​the Federal Republic. In Germany, around 29.5 percent of the area is forested. The share of uncultivated land of 2.31 percent is due to uncultivated moorland. The bog areas listed under agriculture, however, are also used for agriculture.

Neighboring communities

Ostrhauderfehn has neighboring communities in the districts of Leer , Emsland and Cloppenburg . In the west, Ostrhauderfehn borders the "sister community" Rhauderfehn along its entire length, to the north of the community area lies the community of Detern in the joint community of Jümme . This means that Ostrhauderfehn only has two communities in the Leer district as neighbors. The eastern municipal boundary is identical to the district boundary to the Cloppenburg municipality of Saterland . On a small section in the south of the municipality, Ostrhauderfehn also borders on the municipality of Bockhorst in the joint municipality of Nordhümmling . Due to its exposed location in the extreme southwest of the district of Leer, Ostrhauderfehn is the only East Frisian municipality that borders on the neighboring regions of Emsland and Oldenburger Land . However, the common border point of all three historical regions is far away from public roads in the middle of Westermoor.

Community structure

Locality Population (2009) associated districts
Ostrhauderfehn 6459 - no more -
Holterfehn 1716 - no more -
Idafehn 1500 - no more -
Langholt 591 - no more -
Potshausen 398 Potshauser Leyde, Rinzeldorf, Rinzeldorfer Moor, Terheide
Holtermoor 249 - no more -
total 10,913 -

climate

Ostrhauderfehn is located in the temperate climate zone. The climate is characterized by the Central European west wind zone. According to the Köppen climate classification , the municipality is in the subdivision Cfb , which means that climate zone C has a warm-temperate rainy climate , in which the coldest month has a mean temperature between 18 ° C and −3 ° C and the warmest month one Temperature above 10 ° C. The annual total precipitation for climate type Cf : Humid-temperate climate means that all months are humid and the driest month has at least 60 millimeters of precipitation. Climate subtype b (warm summer ) shows that all months are below 22 ° C, but there are at least four months that are warmer than 10 ° C. In summer, the daytime temperatures are generally lower, and in winter often higher than in the further inland.

In contrast, there are special climatic conditions in the raised bog areas in the south of the municipality. Because of the subsurface conditions in a rain bog , the temperature differences between day and night are extreme. During the day in summer, temperatures on the ground can be very high, so that spontaneous combustion can result in moor fires. However, due to peat extraction and the associated drainage, this effect is no longer as pronounced in large parts of the municipality as in the original natural landscape. However, the number of frost days in the raised bog area is significantly higher than in the surrounding area, with early and late frosts occurring more often. In addition, bog areas are much more fog-intensive than the surrounding area.


Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Ostrhauderfehn
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 3.3 3.8 7.5 11.9 16.5 19.9 20.7 20.7 18.3 13.6 7.9 4.7 O 12.4
Min. Temperature (° C) −1.2 −1.6 0.7 3.4 7.2 10.5 12.2 12.0 9.7 6.5 2.9 0.4 O 5.3
Temperature (° C) 1.0 1.1 4.1 7.6 11.8 15.2 16.4 16.3 14.0 10.0 5.4 2.5 O 8.8
Precipitation ( mm ) 64 46 53 48 61 74 83 78 68 65 74 71 Σ 785
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
3.3
−1.2
3.8
−1.6
7.5
0.7
11.9
3.4
16.5
7.2
19.9
10.5
20.7
12.2
20.7
12.0
18.3
9.7
13.6
6.5
7.9
2.9
4.7
0.4
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		64
46
53
48
61
74
83
78
68
65
74
71
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: Climate-data.org

Protected areas

The golden plover has one of its last remaining breeding areas in Central Europe in the NSG Esterweger Dose.

The Esterweger Dose nature reserve (NSG), which spanned several municipalities and was designated in 2005, extends to the area of ​​Ostrhauderfehn. Of the 4747 hectares of the protected area, 725 are in the district of Leer in the municipalities of Rhauderfehn and Ostrhauderfehn. This makes the protected area the largest in the Weser-Ems area . The NSG is part of the EU bird protection area Esterweger Dose and the FFH area of the same name . The area is home to one of the last breeding populations of the southern golden plover .

The Hartkamp (2.5 ha) has been under nature protection since 1967, and the Magerwiese near Potshausen with 3.9 ha since 1973. Hartkamp is the remainder of a quarry forest , as it used to be widespread on the Leda , the grassland Potshausen is a naturally cultivated poor meadow .

As early as 1949, three woods near Potshausen have been a protected part of the landscape and together are around 1.7 hectares in size. In 2009, the Langholter Meer and Rhauder Meer landscape protection areas were designated. It is 206.9 hectares and lies in the area of ​​the communities Ostrhauderfehn and Rhauderfehn.

history

Prehistory and early history

The Geest areas are among the earliest populated areas in East Friesia, so the Geest communities such as Hesel , Westerholt or Dunum also have the oldest and most extensive evidence of the settlement of East Friesia in prehistoric times. The Geestorte in the “sister community” of Rhauderfehn are archaeologically “more productive” than the community of Ostrhauderfehn, which consists for the most part of moor and only a very small part of Geest.

Earthworks uncovered two sites along the Langholter Tief, which suggest the presence of Mesolithic hunters. Between the valley of the watercourse and the raised bog in the hinterland there were drifting sand covers, which were presumably used as settlements. Flint artifacts were found here .

In addition, a hoard has been made in the municipality that suggests settlement in the younger Bronze Age or the older pre-Roman Iron Age . During peat work in the moor, probably around 1880, peat diggers near Ostrhauderfehn came across a fur bag that contained a number of bronze objects. It is a lance tip, several bronze rings and wires as well as amber and glass beads. The bag is the oldest textile find in East Frisia to date. Due to their characteristic contamination with silver, nickel, arsenic and antimony, the metal objects suggested they came from the ore district of Saalfeld . How they got to East Frisia has not yet been adequately explained.

middle Ages

Around the middle of the 13th century, the Johanniter - Doppelkommende Langholt was built on a narrow ridge along the Langholter Tief - an area surrounded by moor, which until then was completely undeveloped and was also beyond all traffic routes of the time. On September 8, 1319, the monastery was first mentioned in a document in a comparison between the Johanniter Hospital in Burgsteinfurt and the Frisian Commanderies.

The second settlement in the present area in the Middle Ages was Potshausen. The place was first mentioned in 1409 in writing Pophteshusen , that house of Popt or family Poptes . Due to its location on the Leda and Jümme lowlands on the one hand and on the edge of large moorland on the other, the place was one of only three Aufstrecksiedlungen in the Overledingerland next to Schatteburg and Folmhusen in the Middle Ages . Potshausen extends in an east-west direction on the edge of the moor; the inhabitants drove the upstroke areas (flat German: Upstreek areas) in a southerly direction of the moor and cultivated it. Only the width of the land was determined, the length in Potshausen was based on the technical possibilities. This technique of medieval bog cultivation had already established itself earlier in other regions of East Friesland such as the Rheiderland or the Brookmerland . In the Overledingerland it was only approached later, but was completed by the 14th century. The grassland in the Leda-Jümme lowlands allowed livestock to be kept, and the resulting dung was used to fertilize the pitted areas.

“The size of the arable land at that time was proportional to the extent of the natural grassland. The colonists must have been aware of this aspect at the beginning of the development of the moors, because extension settlements can only be found in East Friesland and also in the Netherlands, where grassland-rich lowlands directly border on high moors. "

- Eckhard Wassermann: Settlement history of the moors : p. 98

Chief time

East Frisia around 1300

In the 14th century, individual families became increasingly important as primus inter pares in their respective areas. The East Frisian chief system established itself . In Overledingerland, however, as in the neighboring Lengenerland and in most of the Moormerland , a notable chieftainship could not establish itself, as the areas largely dominated by the moor were too weak. Local potentates only emerged in the narrower framework of the individual villages, but without any influence that went beyond their narrowly defined area. An exception was Focko Ukena , who from Neermoor also gained control over the place Leer and thus over the central place of the room. Ukena served the most powerful family of chiefs at the time, tom Brok , who had gained control of the Brookmerland and Auricherland , as a vassal in southern East Frisia. As a result, Ukena was the leading chief in Overledingerland.

In their quest for unrestricted rule over East Frisia, the tom Brok came into opposition to other chief families. Ukena changed sides, made himself their leader and defeated Ocko II. Tom Brok in the Battle of the Wild Fields on October 28, 1427. Since Ukena claimed a leading position of power after this victory, however, one directed against him soon formed Opposition among the Cirksena dynasty , the so-called Freedom League of the Seven East Friesland . After several military defeats of the Ukenas party and the fall of his castle in Leer in 1431, Ukena fled to Münster . Ulrich Cirksena was from Emperor Friedrich III. 1464 raised to the rank of imperial count . Overledingerland belonged to the county of East Friesland for over three centuries .

Under the Cirksena (1464–1744)

Under the aegis of the Counts Cirksena, East Friesland was divided into several offices . Today's municipality belonged to the Stickhausen office .

During the Thirty Years' War , East Friesland was not the scene of fighting, but it was used by troops as a rest room . Three times (1622–1624, 1627–1631 and 1637–1651) foreign troops moved into East Friesland, which also affected the present area. The region was particularly hard hit by the occupation by the Mansfelder . The two following occupations also meant burdens through contributions . The occupiers from 1627 to 1631, however, imperial troops under Tilly , “kept discipline and avoided excesses”, as did the Hessian troops billeted from 1637 to 1651 under Wilhelm V von Hessen-Kassel . Materially, too, the situation was different under the two occupations than under Mansfeld: Although contributions were collected, these were also spent in the region. During the war, the plague also broke out in East Frisia , but deaths for the area in question are not documented.

Prussian period (1744–1806 / 15): Foundation of the Rhauderfehn

In 1744 Ostfriesland fell to Prussia through an prospectus . The present area was still largely undeveloped. The medieval village of Potshausen also only had a subordinate position in the Stickhausen office (the division of offices was taken over by the Prussians), which can be measured in terms of economic life. In an overview of merchants and craftsmen in the Stickhausen office from 1756, only nine people are named for Potshausen, as there are: two cooper , a baker, a merchant, a wheel maker and two tailors and carpenters each. For comparison: In the western villages of Backemoor and Holte, which were located in the middle of a much larger cultivated Geest area, there were 26 and 22 merchants and craftsmen respectively in the same year, at the official seat of Stickhausen and in nearby Detern there were even 65 together.

Reclamation edict of 1765

In 1765 five merchants submitted a request to King Friedrich II of Prussia . They asked for the raised bog area in the north of Overledingerland to be made available in order to create a new fen here . On April 19, 1769, they received approval for the project that had already begun. This is considered to be the beginning of the history of (East) Rhauderfehn. The five founders were the businessman Hinrich Thomas Stuart from Leer, the accountant Johann Heinrich Heydecke from Leer, Oberamtmann Rudolph Heinrich Carl von Glan from Stickhausen, the tax collector Alrich Weyers Ibelings from Breinermoor and the farmer Wille Janssen from Holte. For their Rhauder-Fehn-Compagnie, they had acquired the right to destroy an area of ​​1500 diemat from the Prussian state and then passed it on to settlers.

"For the sake of the fencing to be laid, the Stuart et Consort of those marshes in Oberledingerland 1000 Diemath and Empty Office 500 Diemath are leased perpetually in such a way that they dig on the same peat, sell such for their own good, and that Cultivating excavated land, occupying it with houses and leasing it to others. On this 1500 Diemath Stuart et Comp. Build Buchweitzen as they please and allow others to do so, for which they impose an annual recognition of 20 Reichsthalers in Friedrichsdor on eternal days, whether it will be booked or not, to the Royal Treasury. "

- Das Rhauder Fehn Ost und West : Provisions from the award document.

The five founders of the Fehn appeared as entrepreneurs who saw the new Fehn as an investment. They leased the area from the Prussian state, had the main Fehn Canal and the first several hundred meters of the side canals constructed and undertook to maintain this waterway and the necessary locks. They then gave land on the canals to sub-tenants. For this they had to pay taxes to the ten founders, who in turn had to pay a part to the sovereign rulers; the difference remained as a profit with the fen entrepreneurs. The sub-tenants took care of the peat extraction and later cultivated the pitted areas in order to build up an agricultural existence. Since both the Prussian rulership and the fen entrepreneurs were very interested in the peat being dug up as quickly as possible in order to subsequently collect the required lease sum from the agricultural settlers, most of the plots remained very small: there are plots in between for (East) Rhauderfehn One and five hectares handed down, which was not enough for the colonists for an agricultural existence. Some colonists tried to enlarge the agricultural area through acquisitions, which of course was not possible for all due to lack of space. Some of the colonist families therefore switched to other professions at an early stage, particularly supplying the Fehne with ships.

However, due to disputes with the Order of St. John, the development of the eastern part of the Rhauderfehn was delayed. The East Frisian chronicler Fridrich Arends noted in his description of the earth of the Principality of East Friesland and the Harlingerland : “This is followed by the Rhauder-Oster-Fehn, 146 E (residents) to the south, then the Rhauder-Wester-Fehn, 711 E (residents) to the south-west. ; Both are provided with Verlaten (= locks) at their beginning and laid out in 1769, but the former was rarely accepted because of a bad trial that the owners have been carrying out for 40 years with the Order of St. John as the owner of Langholt, which leads to the Moor claims. The Westerfehn, on the other hand, has increased a lot (...). "

In addition to the Rhauderfehn - as in the whole of East Friesland in the second half of the 18th century - other peatland colonies were created, which did not develop along a Fehn Canal, but rather as unplanned scattered settlements . In the north of today's municipality, these were Holtermoor (settled from 1765) and Rinzeldorf near Potshausen (settled from around 1770). Terheide has been documented since 1787.

After the battle of Jena and Auerstedt in 1806, East Friesland and with it the present area was incorporated into the Kingdom of Holland and thus into the French sphere of influence. In 1810, the Ems-Orientale (Osterems) department became part of the French Empire , and in 1813, after the Wars of Liberation , Prussia was briefly re-established. After the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15, Prussia ceded East Frisia to the Kingdom of Hanover .

During the time of the Dutch-French occupation of East Frisia, an extremely important decision was made for the development of the community: In 1807 the Kommende Langholt was drafted into the state domain by order of Ludwig Napoleon , the King of Holland , who was under East Frisia at that time . This ended the decades-long disputes between the Fehn company and the Order of St. John, which had hindered the development of the eastern part of the Rhauderfehn for so long.

Hanoverian Period and Empire (1815–1918)

To the west of the eponymous Geestort Holte , Holterfehn was created from 1829. Like the Nordgeorgsfehn and Südgeorgsfehn settlements in Uplengen , which were founded four years earlier, they are state foundations by the Hanoverian Crown. Holterfehn is the last moor settlement in East Friesland to be built according to the Fehn Canal principle.

The surge in development in Ostrhauderfehn and later in Holterfehn can be seen in the number of inhabitants in the 19th century. In 1822 149 people lived in Ostrhauderfehn, which means that the community did not even include a quarter of the population of the “sister community” Westrhauderfehn, where 674 people had already settled at that time. Within a quarter of a century (until 1848) the population of Ostrhauderfehn more than tripled: 541. In 1867 the population reached 909 and by 1880 it had clearly exceeded the 1000 mark (1263). The development in Holterfehn was similarly rapid, where the population rose from 305 (1848) to 699 (1867) to 895 (1885) and also exceeded the 1000 mark in the following ten years (1895: 1104 people).

Tjalk, typical type of ship for the small Wadden Sea voyage (on this picture in Ihlow )

In the 19th century, the importance of shipping for the Fehn residents steadily increased. In addition to inland shipping, which essentially consisted of the transport of the peat to the cities of Emden and Leer as well as the surrounding marshland areas, the importance of maritime transport also grew, although the actual home port of the larger ship types could not be the Fehn due to the size of the Fehn canals . Rather, when the ships were not on the move, they were in the ports on the Ems. Peat and goods of all kinds were transported with Mutten or Tjalken over the Hauptfehnkanal to or from Ostrhauderfehn. In 1789 there were only 52 ships in West- and Ostrhauderfehn combined, of which 41 were peat ships, in 1848 there were 42 ships in Ostrhauderfehn alone, 28 of them peat ships. In the same year there were 42 ships in Holterfehn, 39 of them inland vessels. The numbers rose further in the course of the 19th century: In 1882 102 ships were registered in Ostrhauderfehn, 74 of them inland vessels, in Holterfehn there were 44 ships, of which 37 were peat ships. The turn to maritime traffic, which mostly moved along the coast, arose initially from the expansion of the peat sales areas. During these voyages, however, the shipowners gradually took other goods on board, and over the decades this became an important trade for the Fehne. At the end of the 19th century, however, shipping with Fehntjer had reached its peak. With their wooden sailors, the Fehntjer could do little to oppose the iron-hulled ships on the high seas and suffered from increasing competition from the railways when it came to inland shipping. The Fehntjer boatmen essentially returned peat to the area, albeit at a lower level than in the 19th century, to which the increasing supply of the population with coal also contributed.

However, shipping continued to be of great importance as a labor market. Previously self-employed boatmen were hired by shipowners in other places, namely in Emden and Leer, but also beyond. The Emden herring fishery, for example, as well as shipping companies operating overseas were important. In 1871 a seafaring school was founded in the neighboring Westrhauderfehn for training purposes. Until the 1960s, the shipping companies recruited many of their captains, helmsmen and sailors from the feudal settlements, where a professional tradition as seafarers had emerged over the decades.

While the construction of stone roads between the towns began in East Friesland in the 1840s, the Ostrhauderfehntjer area only received its first fixed road connection in 1862/1863, namely between the town centers of West and Ostrhauderfehn. The Fehnkanal initially remained the most important transport links. The relatively short road connection across the Fehntjer Sea to Westrhauderfehn was expanded into a paved road in the following years .

Weimar Republic and National Socialism

After the establishment of the Emsland camps , especially Börgermoor and Esterwegen in the summer of 1933, there were attacks of deployed there SS Death's Head units on the population in the southern East Friesland, where not even the Nazis were spared from attacks. In addition to attacks in the nearby towns of Papenburg, Leer and Weener, villages in today's municipality were also affected.

After the " seizure of power ", people from the area in question also faced increasing persecution. The district administrator Hermann Conring in Leer took an active role in the persecution of politically dissenters, especially communists . This is how he named the Ostrhauderfehntjer Emil Pinkau in a letter in which he called for communists to be sent to concentration camps. Pinkau stayed in the police prison for a few more months, presumably because the camps were already overcrowded. Pinkau was one of about thirty so-called protective prisoners from the district of Leer who were imprisoned in the first months after the "seizure of power". At the end of July he was transferred to the Börgermoor concentration camp, as was Ostrhauderfehntjer Jonny Dübbelde at the beginning of August.

post war period

In the immediate post-war period, the district of Leer was the most heavily populated of the three East Frisian districts with refugees from the East, because - in contrast to the districts of Aurich and Wittmund - it was not used as an internment area for prisoners of war German soldiers. However, the district of Leer subsequently accepted most of the people in Lower Saxony who were already unemployed or unemployed in the eastern regions. The proportion of people over 65 was also higher than the average in Lower Saxony. In contrast, the district of Leer recorded the lowest proportion of male refugees from the East between the ages of 20 and 45 of all districts in Lower Saxony .

In Ostrhauderfehn and Idafehn, several Fehn canals were filled in since the early 1960s. This was done on the one hand for reasons of cost, because the rows of settlements on both sides of the Fehn canals could now be reached with just one supply line instead of two previously. On the other hand, the streets could be made wider to accommodate the increasing car traffic. However, the villages lost their original fen character in some areas.

In the course of the fen program launched by the state government of Lower Saxony , various construction measures were implemented in the 1980s to maintain or restore the fen character without neglecting the requirements of modern road traffic. In addition, the navigability of the Hauptfehnkanal has been improved.

Incorporations

On May 1, 1970, the municipality of Holtermoor (with the district of Holterfehn) joined forces with the municipality of Ostrhauderfehn on a voluntary basis. On January 1, 1973, the community Potshausen and large parts of the dissolved community Langholt (eastern part) were incorporated. The law on the reorganization of the communities in the Vechta / Cloppenburg area rounded off the establishment of the community Ostrhauderfehn with the incorporation of Idafehn from the community of Strücklingen , district of Cloppenburg , on March 1, 1974. This is one of two larger area corrections in the course of the municipality reform, in which East Frisian and Oldenburg towns “moved” to the other historical region, the other example is the municipality of Neustadtgödens , which until then belonged to the Wittmund district and since then to the Friesland district . In the case of Idafehn, however, it has to be taken into account that the place was mainly populated by Rhauderfehntjern. Already due to the geographical proximity, the inhabitants oriented themselves more towards Ostrhauderfehn than towards Strücklingen from the beginning. With a border correction between the communities of Ostrhauderfehn and Saterland (district of Cloppenburg) in the area of ​​the Ubbehausen peasantry, the formation of the community of Ostrhauderfehn was completed on July 1, 1977.

Population development

The information on the years 1961 and 1970 is the respective census results including the later incorporated places.

Population development of Ostrhauderfehn 1961 to 2017
year Residents
1961 5,886
1970 6,993
1975 7,321
1980 7,580
1985 8,162
1990 8,367
1995 9,520
2000 10,448
2001 10,722
2002 10,996
year Residents
2003 11,035
2004 11,086
2005 11,069
2006 11,068
2007 11,069
2010 10,658
2015 11,032
2016 11,086
2017 11.198

Development of the community name

The basic component of the name Ostrhauderfehn goes back to the old Geestdorf Rhaude in the neighboring municipality of Rhauderfehn. Rhaude was possibly mentioned for the first time in the Werdener Landmarks , namely as Renuuidu . Many of the oldest East Frisian place names are recorded in the land register. However, proof of whether Renuuidu matches Rhaude is still pending . The place name arose from the old Frisian Rath-widu or Roth-widu , which is translated as clearing forest and refers to the extensive forests on the Geest in the Middle Ages.

The ending -fehn indicates that Ostrhauderfehn is a moor settlement . In Low German documents from the 15th century, the word Fehn (or Veen , as in Dutch ) initially only means “settlement in the moor”. It was only after the creation of Großefehn (1633) that the word got another, more concrete meaning in East Friesland as terminus technicus for a moor settlement that was laid out along a specially excavated canal, a Fehn Canal. Nevertheless, there were also bog settlements in the following years that were not laid out along a Fehn Canal and still have the name ending -fehn. In general, a fen in today's science is understood to mean a bog colony along a canal. For a more precise distinction, however, the literature sometimes also differentiates between “real” (with a canal) and “false” horn (without a canal). In the present case it is a "real" Fehnsiedlung.

After the founding of Rhauderfehn in 1769, the eastern part was subsequently called Rhauder Osterfehn and recorded as such in 1824 by the East Frisian historian Fridrich Arends in the description of the earth for the Principality of East Frisia and the Harlingerland . In 1871 Ostrhauderfehn is used for the first time in today's spelling. In the local Low German, however, the term Osterfehn (with the long spoken "o") is still used in a simplistic way .

politics

The municipality of Ostrhauderfehn has been - like East Frisia in its entirety - a stronghold of the SPD for decades. In federal and state elections, the Social Democrats almost exclusively won a majority of the votes, and they are also the strongest parliamentary group in the local council.

In the federal election in 1949, the SPD won the majority in the districts of Ostrhauderfehn and Holtermoor / Holterfehn, and even the absolute majority in the latter district. In the districts of Potshausen and Langholt, however, it was the CDU that secured more than 50 percent of the votes. Due to the clear focus of the population in the core town and Holtermoor / Holterfehn, extrapolated to today's community level, the SPD achieved a clear victory. In the election four years later, which brought the CDU considerable gains in all of East Friesland, the Social Democrats only achieved a relative majority in Ostrhauderfehn, in the other three districts the CDU won with a relative (Holtermoor / Holterfehn) or absolute majority. In the 1969 election, the situation from 1949 reappeared, and the "Willy Brandt election" in 1972 brought new record results to the Social Democrats not only in East Friesland in general, but also in today's municipality in particular, in the core town and in Holtermoor / Holterfehn, they were over 60 percent. In the federal elections in 2005 and 2009, the Social Democrats were also ahead of the Christian Democrats. Other parties did not play a prominent role in federal and state elections. At the local level, however, an independent voter community is now the second strongest force.

Municipal council

The municipality council of the municipality of Ostrhauderfehn consists of 26 councilors. This is the specified number for a municipality with a population between 10,001 and 11,000 inhabitants. The 26 council members are elected for five years each by local elections. The current term of office began on November 1, 2016 and ends on October 31, 2021.

The full-time mayor Günter Harders is also entitled to vote in the city council.

The most recent local elections on September 11, 2016 resulted in the following:

Political party Proportional votes Number of seats Change voices Change seats
SPD 40.8% 11 −1.4% 0
UWG 24.5% 6th + 3.1% 0
CDU 21.7% 6th + 3.3% +1
Alliance 90 / The Greens 8.6% 2 −3.8% −1
The left 3.0% 1 + 0.3% 0
FDP 1.4% 0 + 0.4% 0

The turnout in the 2016 local elections was 54.0%, slightly below the Lower Saxony average of 55.5%.

mayor

The full-time mayor of the municipality of Ostrhauderfehn has been Günter Harders, who is not a party, since November 1, 2006. In the last mayoral election on May 25, 2014, he was re-elected as incumbent with 74.3% of the vote. His opponent Dieter Ertwiens-Buchwald (Greens) received 25.7%. The turnout was 51.7%. Harders began his further term on November 1, 2014.

Harders has been the fifth mayor since the community of Ostrhauderfehn was formed in 1973. His predecessors were Jan Zuidema (until 1981), Wilhelm Pfeiffer (until 1986), Alfred Pistoor (until 2001) and Wiard Amelsberg (until 2006). Of these, the first three acted as honorary mayors within the framework of the then North German Council Constitution . Amelsberg was the first full-time mayor directly elected by the residents.

Representatives in the Land and Bundestag

Ostrhauderfehn belongs to the constituency of Leer . 15 parties ran for the state elections in Lower Saxony in 2017 . Six of these parties had put up direct candidates. The directly elected MP is Ulf Thiele ( CDU ). Meta Janssen-Kucz ( Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen ) also entered the Lower Saxony state parliament via the state list .

Ostrhauderfehn belongs to the Bundestag constituency Unterems (constituency 25), which consists of the district of Leer and the northern part of the district of Emsland. The constituency was redesigned for the 1980 federal election and has remained unchanged since then. So far, only representatives of the CDU have prevailed as direct candidates in this constituency. The constituency is represented in the Bundestag by the directly elected CDU MP Gitta Connemann from Leer. No party candidate from the constituency entered the Bundestag via the parties' list.

badges and flags

Blazon : ". Under blue shield head where a golden Moor godfather in gold a red balancelle ship with red sails, black control and black bodies over bowed blue wave bars"

Until the 1860s, the main source of income for the residents of Ostrhauderfehn was peat production. The peat was painstakingly peeled off with a spade, a so-called bunker spade or hunter. The peat was loaded onto smaller ships, the tjalks , and taken to its destination via canals. From this activity, another important line of business for the Fehntjer, small and large shipping, grew over the decades. The coat of arms symbolizes peat extraction as well as shipping, the blue wave refers to the fen canals as a transport route. The community flag shows the colors red and gold and contains the coat of arms of the community.

religion

Trinity Church Langholt

Like all of East Friesland, Ostrhauderfehn is Protestant and is located in the Lutheran part of East Friesland. While the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Idafehn belongs to the Oldenburg regional church , since the district was not incorporated into Ostrhauderfehn until 1974, the other three parishes belong to the Hanover regional church . These are the Evangelical Lutheran Church Congregation Ostrhauderfehn with the Petruskirche in Ostrhauderfehn and the Martin Luther Church in Holterfehn, the Evangelical Lutheran Church Congregation St. Martin in Potshausen and the Evangelical Lutheran Trinity Church Congregation Langholt. The three parishes belong to the parish of Rhauderfehn, which comprises a total of 18 parishes. The church district covers the Overledingerland , in addition there are the communities in Filsum and Detern ( joint community Jümme ) and the three Uplengen communities in Hollen, Remels and Ockenhausen . In the area of ​​the entire parish of Rhauderfehn, 80 percent of the population belong to the Evangelical Lutheran Church. In Ostrhauderfehn this number is lower.

Since 2006 there has been an Evangelical Free Church Baptist Congregation in Ostrhauderfehn. It emerged from a small group of believers at first and has been an independent congregation ever since.

Immediately to the east and south of Ostrhauderfehn there is a very pronounced confessional border with the predominantly Catholic Oldenburger Münsterland and the Emsland . Although Ostrhauderfehn as well as the "sister community" Rhauderfehn have a clearly above average proportion of Catholics in the total population for East Friesland, which is due to the influx of colonists from the south (east) eastern regions of Emsland and Oldenburger Münsterland, there are no Catholics in the municipality Local community. The closest is the Bonifatiusgemeinde in the Rhauderfehntjer part of Langholt, where Catholics in Ostrhauderfehntjer are parished as well as the parish of St. Georg in Strücklingen.

An overview of the municipal administration from 2007 shows the following religious affiliation of the 10,623 inhabitants at the time: 6447 inhabitants (60.68 percent) belonged to the Evangelical Lutheran. Church, another 260 (2.45 percent) were Protestant Reformed. Roman Catholics were 2106 inhabitants (19.82 percent), the remaining 1810 inhabitants (17.04 percent) either belonged to other religions or were non-denominational.

The Evangelical Education Center Ostfriesland, formerly the East Frisian Protestant Rural College, in the Potshausen district, is unique in East Frisia. It was founded in 1955 by Pastor Herbert Werkmeister and was intended primarily to offer young farmers and rural women further training opportunities. The education center is aimed at a wide audience and has accommodation rooms for up to 100 people, six seminar rooms and a hall for up to 200 people. The adult education center is closely associated with the Potshausen parish, and the theological director of the school is also the parish pastor. In addition to the opportunity to catch up on a secondary or secondary school leaving certificate, the education center offers the usual educational offers for an adult education center, but explicitly on the basis of a Christian worldview.

Culture and sights

Buildings and museums

Sankt-Martin-Kirche Potshausen

In contrast to many other East Frisian communities, Ostrhauderfehn does not (any longer) have medieval church buildings. The church in Potshausen was destroyed in 1409 and later rebuilt, but had to give way to a new building in the 19th century because it had become too small. The church in Langholt burned down in 1690. In the next almost three centuries the place was parish off to Rhaude and only regained its independence in 1899. In both places only churches from the years 1865 and 1901 have been preserved. The first church was built in the main town of Ostrhauderfehn in 1896.

Idafehn windmill

In Idafehn there is a windmill, which - as is mostly the case in East Frisia - is a gallery Dutchman . It is the only surviving windmill in the parish. The farmer Heinrich Lanwer from Strücklingen built it in 1891. Next to the mill there is a miller's house and a bakery. Two grinding stages and one peldegang are technically functional. After the mill was badly damaged by the Quimburga hurricane in mid-November 1972 - only the stump remained - and it was in ruins for almost two decades, it was rebuilt from 1999 under the direction of the municipality. The mill is a meeting room for the local clubs and also serves as a place for weddings. It can be visited and information boards explain its former function.

In earlier centuries the colonist houses of the bog settlers stood in large numbers along the Fehn canals. These were mostly single-storey, crouched buildings that were erected in rows along the canals. At the 1. Südwieke in the core town, an old Fehnhaus was renovated between 1991 and 1993 using as large a part of the existing structure as possible, which has been used for cultural events, exhibitions and receptions ever since. The larger “Achterhuus” (rear building), in which animals and equipment used to be housed, is primarily used for this purpose.

In Ostrhauderfehn there are also a number of historic Gulf farms , most of which are still used for agriculture. Under the direction of the municipal administration, however, the Stapelfeld'sche Gulfhaus on Leda-Jümme-Weg in Ostrhauderfehn was restored. Both the stable building and the rear building were renewed. The space created in the course of the renovations is used for cultural events and for tourism. An agricultural exhibition, on the other hand, is still being planned without having been implemented yet.

In the Potshausen district is the blacksmith's forge Folkert Kramer from 1890, which was in operation until the end of the 1970s. In the following years it was renovated and since then it has served as an additional room in a historical setting for the rural adult education center.

One of the technical structures is also the lock in the main Fehn Canal, which ensured boat traffic on the Fehn Canal regardless of the tide until the middle of the 20th century. After it subsequently lost its function due to the complete collapse of peat and other shipping, funds from the fen program launched by the state government allowed reconstruction. The lock was renovated from the late 1980s and reopened in 1991. It is 55 m long, has a passage width of 5.4 m and is equipped with two pairs of flood and ebb gates. Since then, boat trips from the Ems and Leda to the center of Ostrhauderfehn have been possible again.

Regular events

Every year in April, the water sports club, the Schippergilde and the Schifferverein organize the harbor festival at the canal harbor in Ostrhauderfehn together with the local, commercial and tourist association. The event with the character of a folk festival also serves as a reminder of the earlier shipping tradition of the Fehn population. Friends of the sea have come together in the Schippergilde and Schifferverein. Also in April there is a culture week in the town hall called “Open-Dören-Rathuus” (town hall of the open door) with art exhibitions etc. In September the community organizes a motorhome meeting, to which many motorhome enthusiasts come from outside, in October one follows since 1984 taking place street festival on the federal highway.

Sports

In addition to universal sports clubs, there are also a number of sports clubs in Ostrhauderfehn that have dedicated themselves to a specific sport. The universal sports clubs include SV "Eiche" Ostrhauderfehn, SV Potshausen, Germania Holterfehn and TSV Idafehn. Shooting is practiced in the rifle clubs Eiche Idafehn, Langholt, Ostrhauderfehn and Holterfehn as well as in the archery club of the Roten Riede (Ostrhauderfehn). The water sports club Ostrhauderfehn and the diving club Ostrhauderfehn as well as the local DLRG -Ortsgruppe offer sports around the water. There is also a tennis club in Ostrhauderfehn. In contrast to most other East Frisian municipalities, there is no club in the municipality for the Frisian sports Boßeln and Klootschießen.

In addition to sports fields at the universal sports clubs, gymnasiums and sports halls at the schools and a teaching pool at the Holtermoor primary school, there was also an outdoor pool in the Langholt district, which has been closed since 2009 due to dilapidation and demolished in summer 2013. Bathing opportunities can be found on Lake Idasee in summer. The tennis club also has a corresponding facility.

language

Distribution of the East Frisian Platt

In addition to Standard German, East Frisian Platt is spoken in the community. At least among adults, Platt is an everyday language. The community promotes - also with the support of the Plattdütskbüro der Ostfriesische Landschaft - the use and thus the preservation of the Low German. Citizens are expressly encouraged to speak to Platt when things are going on in the town hall. The request to use Platt can already be found in the mayor's greeting on the community website.

The municipality of Ostrhauderfehn has a volunteer Low German officer who exercises the office in addition to his work in administration. In its meeting on September 25, 2008, the municipal council unanimously decided to appoint a representative. Only two months earlier, the East Frisian landscape had formulated a request to all authorities in East Frisia. Ostrhauderfehn was one of the first communities to appoint a Low German commissioner. The area of ​​responsibility of the representative is outlined with the keywords "Vörsörgen, Stön geven, umsetten" (provision, support, implement). The area of ​​precaution includes ensuring that a sufficient number of town hall employees speak Platt. The representative acts as a central point of contact in Ostrhauderfehn for all questions about the regional language. The aim is to implement the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages , in which Low German has been recognized since 1999.

Economy and Infrastructure

The economy in the municipality is primarily shaped by medium-sized companies. Agriculture and tourism also play a certain role. Overall, however, Ostrhauderfehn is an out- commuter community . 1017 commuters are compared to 2218 Fehntjer who earn their living beyond the municipal boundaries (as of 2006). In Ostrhauderfehn there are 2815 residents who are subject to social security contributions, but only 1614 jobs subject to social security contributions. Of the dependent employees, two percent worked in the agricultural sector, 29 percent in the manufacturing sector, 26 percent in trade, hospitality and transport and 43 percent in the other service sector.

The rather low occupancy rate is also noticeable in the municipality's tax revenue: With net business tax revenue of 122.62 euros per capita in 2010, Ostrhauderfehn only achieved 42 percent of the Lower Saxony national average. The municipality's share of income tax in 2009 was 152.41 euros per capita and was 59 percent of the national average.

Data on unemployment in the municipality itself are not collected. In the Leer division of the Employment Agency, which includes the district of Leer excluding Borkum, the unemployment rate in October 2015 was 6.1 percent. It was 0.3 percentage points above the Lower Saxony average.

Strict soil and composting plant

In the community there is a large industrial area north and south of the main road in the core town of Ostrhauderfehn. In order to offer local companies development opportunities and to bring companies from outside into the community, the planning for this industrial park was pushed ahead in the late 1970s. The first company was located north of the federal highway in 1978. Extensions followed in 1986 north of the main road and in 1996 for the first time south of the main road. The most recent expansion, also in the south, took place in 2007. Since then, the entire industrial park has covered 50 hectares, in which more than 60 companies have now settled, providing employment for more than 700 people. Outside of the industrial area there are hardly any manufacturing companies, with the exception of the Heinrich Strenge soil and composting plant, which is located in the south of the municipality near the still existing moorland.

Agriculture

The district of Leer is one of the ten largest milk producer districts in Germany. As a municipality that is only below average in terms of area and with a share of agricultural areas that is also below average in comparison to the rural districts, Ostrhauderfehn contributes to a certain extent, but less than other municipalities in the district.

Due to the rather barren bog soils in large parts, dairy farming is usually given preference over arable farming. However, arable farming is also practiced. There is sometimes competition for land between dairy farming and arable farmers, especially those who want to use plants to generate energy from biogas. Biogas plants have meanwhile increased the agricultural land prices in the Leer district. In addition to farmers in the district, in particular those in the neighboring regions of Emsland and Oldenburger Münsterland have specialized in the production of biogas and increasingly require land in the Leer district for cultivation.

tourism

The importance of tourism in the inland community of Ostrhauderfehn has increased over the past decades. In 2008, almost 93,000 overnight stays were registered in the municipality, more than half of which were spent by campers and motorhome enthusiasts, to which the campsite on Lake Ida makes a major contribution. Of the 93,000 overnight stays, those of campers and motorhome drivers accounted for around 54,500. Hotels and guesthouses accounted for around 15,000 and private accommodation such as holiday homes, holiday apartments and, to a lesser extent, farms for the remaining 23,500 overnight stays. For comparison: in 1992 around 51,500 overnight stays were recorded, of which around 30,000 were in camping, 10,000 in hotels and guest houses and 11,000 with other private renters.

traffic

Traffic axes in East Friesland: The municipality of Ostrhauderfehn is located on federal road 438 just before it joins federal road 72 .

The municipality of Ostrhauderfehn is located off the motorway network and is accessed nationwide by two federal highways. The federal highway 438 , expanded in the early 1960s, runs through the town centers of Ostrhauderfehn and Idafehn. It begins near Folmhusen in the municipality of Westoverledingen just a few kilometers south of Leer and runs in an easterly direction through the municipalities of Rhauderfehn and Ostrhauderfehn. Just a few hundred meters east of the municipality boundary with the municipality of Saterland, there is a junction with unequal height to the federal road 72 ( Norddeich - Schneiderkrug ). The B 72 provides both a connection to the federal motorway 1 in the neighboring district of Cloppenburg and the connection to the nearest motorway, the federal motorway 28 (Leer - Oldenburg ). The B 72 only runs over a small section through the municipality. The closest junction on the A28 is Filsum , about 16 kilometers by road from the center of Ostrhauderfehntjer. From Filsum to Friesoythe and thus also in the present area, the B 72 is developed in the 2 + 1 system , in which the directions of travel have two lanes alternating for approx. 1.5 km, while the other direction is only one lane. In addition to the Strücklingen junction on the B 72, the one in Stickhausen in the northern neighboring municipality of Detern is also important, as it can be reached fastest from the northern municipality area. The connection there is formed by the state road 21 , which leads from Rhaude in the neighboring municipality of Rhauderfehn via Potshausen to Detern. The L 30 also runs through the Langholt district from Rhauderfehn over the coastal canal to Werlte im Hümmling . The other districts are connected by district roads.

The municipality of Ostrhauderfehn has never had a standard gauge railway connection. The Ihrhove – Westrhauderfehn railway, which went into operation on November 3, 1912 , was never extended to the east. The nearest train station is in Leer , where both regional trains and InterCity lines run in the direction of Münster / Ruhr area and in the direction of Bremen / Hanover. Another train station is Augustfehn train station in the municipality of Apen . The station on the Oldenburg-Leer railway line is popular because of its parking facilities and its proximity to rural areas.

The nearest airport is in Leer , the nearest airport is in Bremen .

While in earlier centuries and well into the 20th century the Fehnkanal was the most important connection to the surrounding area, today they are no longer of any importance for commercial shipping. The canals are only still used for boat tourism.

Public facilities

Marine transmitter DHO38 Longest wave transmitter of the Navy

The most conspicuous public facility is the long-wave transmitter DHO38 , whose five (of eight) masts in the municipality, at 352.8 meters, are the tallest structures in East Friesland and the second tallest in Germany . The long-wave transmitter is used by the German Navy and other NATO countries and operated by the Naval Office . The official name is NATO VLF / MSK Marinefunksendestelle Rhauderfehn , although the eight towers are located in the area of ​​the communities Ostrhauderfehn and Saterland. The location of the plant, which went into operation in 1982, was chosen because the moist soil in the moor area enables the good grounding required for the radiation of long-distance waves. The barely pronounced topography also contributed to the choice of location, as the waves can spread undisturbed. The approximately 540 hectare site is a restricted military area . More than 50 soldiers and technicians as well as almost 40 civilian employees are employed there.

Other public institutions are the municipal administration with its subordinate operations such as the building yard and the Ostrhauderfehn police station. However, it is not manned around the clock; the police station in Rhauderfehn is responsible outside of business hours. The fire department is organized on a voluntary basis with four volunteer fire departments . Authorities responsible for the municipality such as tax office, employment agency, district court, land registry office etc. are located in Leer, where the district administration is also based and the nearest hospitals are located.

education

The community has two primary schools in the districts of Ostrhauderfehn and Holtermoor as well as a secondary and secondary school (HRS) in the center of town. The Hauptschule and Realschule are more recent: they were only opened in 2004. Until then, the students had to go to the neighboring community of Rhauderfehn to the secondary and secondary school there. The district of Leer is responsible for the HRS school. The two primary schools (GS) are sponsored by the municipality. There is a teaching pool at the GS Holtermoor, which is also used by students from the other primary school. The closest high schools were in the district town of Leer until 2004. In that year a high school was set up in the "sister community" Rhauderfehn, which is also attended by students from Ostrhauderfehn. This has significantly shortened the way to school for high school students. Local politicians and parents as well as those in Ostrhauderfehn had urged the establishment of a grammar school in Rhauderfehn. The vocational schools are located in Leer. Early childhood education is offered in four institutions. This involves a day-care center run by the political community, another by the Evangelical Lutheran parish, a day nursery run by the political community and a play area run by the workers' welfare organization . All four are located in the core town. In Idafehn, the community college of the district of Leer operates a branch. The nearest university of applied sciences is the University of Emden / Leer , the nearest university the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg .

media

Overledingerland is located in the catchment area of ​​two daily newspapers, both of which originate from the newspaper group Ostfriesland (ZGO). On the one hand, there is the Ostfriesen-Zeitung , which is the only daily newspaper in East Frisia to appear across the region. The local newspaper is the General-Anzeiger , which has been published since 1888 and is published in neighboring Rhauderfehn. Both titles cooperate editorially and also have the same editor-in-chief, Uwe Heitmann. The ZGO also publishes two advertising papers called Der Wecker and Von Haus zu Haus , which also cover the entire Overledingerland. Since the end of 2009, there has been competition from the Neue Zeitung at the weekend in the advertising newspaper market . The community radio broadcaster Radio Ostfriesland reports from the community .

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the church

Matthias Groote, MEP

Two outstanding scientists were born in the community. Hajo Hayen (1923–1991) came from Idafehn and made a name for himself as a prehistorian and moor archaeologist . He improved excavation techniques in moors and initially worked as a district archaeologist in the 1970s, then at the Oldenburg State Museum for Nature and Man . The trained blacksmith and later engineer Oskar Mahrenholtz was born in Ostrhauderfehn in 1931. Among other things, the scientist was a member of the Science Council from 1973 to 1979 and Vice President of the German Research Foundation from 1983 to 1989 .

In the political field, the MEP Matthias Groote (SPD) should be mentioned. He was born in 1973 in a hospital in Leer, but grew up in Ostrhauderfehn. Groote has been a member of the European Parliament since 2005 and Chairman of the EP Environment Committee since January 2012 . In addition to his work in Brussels, Groote is still a councilor in the municipality of Ostrhauderfehn.

The songwriter Otto Groote (* 1957 in Ostrhauderfehn) comes from the community and reads his texts in Low German .

Connected to the community

Arend de Vries (* 1954 in Berumerfehn ) is a Protestant theologian and has been the spiritual vice-president of the Hanover regional church office since November 1, 2006 . De Vries was ordained in 1985 in Ostrhauderfehn and was parish pastor there until 1993.

The district of Idafehn was named after Princess Ida von Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (* 1804 at Schloss Schaumburg ; † 1828 in Oldenburg ). Princess Ida was the second wife of the later Grand Duke August von Oldenburg (1783-1853).

literature

  • Klara Engelberg (editing): Das Rhauder Fehn Ost und West 1769–1994. Verlag Ostendorp, Rhauderfehn 1994, without ISBN, p. 14.

In addition, the following works, which deal with East Frisia in general, are also significant for the history and description of the integrated community insofar as they illuminate individual aspects:

  • Heinrich Schmidt: Political history of East Frisia . Rautenberg, Leer 1975 ( Ostfriesland in the protection of the dike , vol. 5), without ISBN
  • Wolfgang Schwarz: The prehistory in Ostfriesland , Verlag Schuster, Leer 1995, ISBN 3-7963-0323-4 .
  • Karl-Heinz Sindowski et al .: Geology, Soils and Settlement of Ostfriesland (Ostfriesland im Schutz des Deiches, Vol. 1), Deichacht Krummhörn (Ed.), Self-published, Pewsum 1969, without ISBN.
  • Menno Smid: East Frisian Church History . Self-published, Pewsum 1974 ( Ostfriesland im Schutz des Deiches , Vol. 6), without ISBN
  • Harm Wiemann / Johannes Engelmann: Old ways and streets in East Frisia . Self-published, Pewsum 1974 ( East Frisia in the protection of the dyke , vol. 8), without ISBN

Web links

Commons : Ostrhauderfehn  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019  ( help ).
  2. ↑ www.landkreis-leer.de: Regional spatial planning program of the district of Leer 2006 , PDF file, p. 13 according to the original pagination, accessed on January 21, 2012.
  3. ^ Eberhard Rack: Small regional studies of Ostfriesland . Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 1998, ISBN 3-89598-534-1 , p. 24.
  4. ↑ leda-juemme-verband.de: Association area ( memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on June 19, 2011.
  5. ^ Günter Roeschmann: The soils of East Friesland. In: Karl-Heinz Sindowski u. a .: Geology, soils and settlement of Ostfriesland (Ostfriesland in the protection of the dyke, volume 1), Deichacht Krummhörn (ed.): Selbstverlag, Pewsum 1969, p. 51-106, here p. 96 as well as cartographic supplement.
  6. ↑ Source: Lower Saxony State Office for Statistics , direct link to the page is not possible. Procedure: Click on “Regional database”, without logging in “Next”, as a guest “Next”, select “Area survey” and “Define time and region”, click “Unity / Samtgemeinde”, select Ostrhauderfehn (scroll down quite a bit), click from "Create and display table".
  7. ^ Eberhard Rack: Small regional studies of Ostfriesland . Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 1998, ISBN 3-89598-534-1 , p. 115
  8. ↑ Thomas Huntke: Vegetation-ecological studies on the development of the Lengener Meer nature reserve (Leer district) - a case study on the efficiency of nature conservation in raised bogs , dissertation, University of Oldenburg, 2008 ( online ), pages 7/8 (PDF file; 40.3 MB) .
  9. ↑ Climate: Ostrhauderfehn . Retrieved October 27, 2013.
  10. ↑ www.nlwkn.niedersachsen.de: Esterweger Dose nature reserve , accessed on February 8, 2012.
  11. ↑ The information can be viewed on an interactive map at www.meine-umweltkarte-niedersachsen.de ( Memento from January 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ).
  12. ^ Wolfgang Schwarz: Die Urgeschichte in Ostfriesland , Verlag Schuster, Leer 1995, ISBN 3-7963-0323-4 , p. 30 f.
  13. ^ Wolfgang Schwarz: Die Urgeschichte in Ostfriesland , Verlag Schuster, Leer 1995, ISBN 3-7963-0323-4 , p. 145, p. 166.
  14. ^ Harm Wiemann: The Johanniter monastery Langholt . In: 150 years of St. Bonifatius Rhauderfehn . Festschrift for the 150th anniversary on December 1, 1981. Rhauderfehn 1981, p. 16ff. Quoted here from the archive www.rhaude.de , accessed on February 8, 2012.
  15. ^ Ortschronisten der Ostfriesische Landschaft: Potshausen , PDF file, accessed on January 27, 2013.
  16. ^ Ekkehard Wassermann: Aufstrecksiedlungen in Ostfriesland. A contribution to research into medieval bog colonization (treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia, volume 61; also Göttingen geographical treatises, issue 80), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1985, p. 135.
  17. ↑ Eckhard Wassermann: Settlement History of the Moore , in: Karl-Ernst Behre / Hajo van Lengen (ed.): Ostfriesland. History and shape of a cultural landscape , Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1995, ISBN 3-925365-85-0 , pp. 93–112, here p. 98
  18. ^ Heinrich Schmidt: Political history of East Frisia . Rautenberg, Leer 1975 ( Ostfriesland in the protection of the dike , vol. 5), without ISBN, p. 77.
  19. ^ Walter Deeters: Ostfriesland in the Thirty Years War , in: Emder Yearbook for Historical Regional Studies Ostfrieslands , Vol. 78 (1998), pp. 32–44, here: p. 39.
  20. ↑ The East Frisian historian Tileman Dothias Wiarda had already pointed this out in Volume 5 of his "Ostfriesische Geschichte" (Aurich 1795): "Since, however, as a result of the many years of billeting, these contributions were almost completely consumed again in the province, and the money always remained in circulation, in this way the riddle can be solved to some extent. ”Quoted in: Walter Deeters: Ostfriesland im Thirty Years War , in: Emder Jahrbuch für Historische Landeskunde Ostfrieslands , Vol. 78 (1998), pp. 32–44, here: p. 43.
  21. ^ Walter Deeters: Ostfriesland in the Thirty Years War , in: Emder Yearbook for Historical Regional Studies Ostfrieslands , Vol. 78 (1998), pp. 32–44, here: p. 38.
  22. ^ Karl Heinrich Kaufhold; Uwe Wallbaum (Ed.): Historical statistics of the Prussian province of East Friesland (sources on the history of East Friesland, Volume 16), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1998, ISBN 3-932206-08-8 , p. 384.
  23. ↑ www.rhauderfehn.de: The seal of the Rhauder-Fehn-Compagnie from 1769 , accessed on June 19, 2011.
  24. ↑ Klara Engelberg (edited version): Das Rhauder Fehn Ost und West 1769-1994. Verlag Ostendorp, Rhauderfehn 1994, without ISBN, p. 5.
  25. ^ Ekkehard Wassermann: Siedlungsgeschichte der Moore , in: Karl-Ernst Behre / Hajo van Lengen (ed.): Ostfriesland. History and shape of a cultural landscape . Ostfriesische Landschaftliche Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Aurich 1995, ISBN 3-925365-85-0 , pp. 93–112, here pp. 103 ff.
  26. ↑ Fridrich Arends: Erdbeschreibung des Fürstenthums Ostfriesland and Harlingerlandes , Emden 1824. Online in the Google book search, p. 192, accessed on February 8, 2012.
  27. ^ Ortschronisten der Ostfriesische Landschaft: Holtermoor , PDF file, accessed on January 27, 2013.
  28. ^ Ortschronisten der Ostfriesische Landschaft: Potshausen , PDF file, accessed on January 27, 2013.
  29. ^ Ortschronisten der Ostfriesische Landschaft: Potshausen , PDF file, accessed on January 27, 2013.
  30. ^ Eberhard Rack: Kleine Landeskunde Ostfriesland , Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 1998, p. 81.
  31. ↑ Otto Aden: Development and changing situations of selected trades in East Frisia from the middle of the 18th to the end of the 19th century (treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia, Volume 40), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1964, without ISBN, p. 200 .
  32. ↑ Due to the earlier development of Westrhauderfehn, most of them were based there
  33. ↑ Otto Aden: Development and changing situations of selected trades in East Frisia from the middle of the 18th to the end of the 19th century (treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia, Volume 40), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1964, without ISBN, p. 201 .
  34. ↑ Jürgen Bünstorf: The East Frisian Fehnsiedlung as a regional type of settlement and carrier of socio-functional professional tradition. (Treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia, Volume 45; also Göttingen geographical treatises, Volume 37), self-published by the Geographical Institute of the University of Göttingen, Göttingen 1966, DNB 456219595 , pp. 94–97.
  35. ^ Eckart Krömer: Small economic history of East Friesland and Papenburg. Verlag SKN, Norden 1991, ISBN 3-922365-93-0 , p. 80.
  36. ↑ Jürgen Bünstorf: The East Frisian Fehnsiedlung as a regional type of settlement and carrier of socio-functional professional tradition. (Treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia, Volume 45; at the same time Göttinger Geographische Abhandlungen, Volume 37), published by the Geographical Institute of the University of Göttingen, Göttingen 1966, pp. 145–163.
  37. ^ Herbert Reyer: The threatening everyday life under National Socialism. SA and SS terror in East Friesland from 1933–1945 . In: Herbert Reyer (Ed.): Ostfriesland in the Third Reich. The beginnings of the National Socialist tyranny in the Aurich administrative region 1933–1945 . Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1999, ISBN 3-932206-14-2 , pp. 83–96, here: p. 94.
  38. ^ Albert Janssen: The district of Leer 1930 to 1934 and the role of district administrator Dr. Conring in the transition from democracy to Nazi dictatorship , in: Herbert Reyer (ed.): Ostfriesland between republic and dictatorship , Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1998, ISBN 3-932206-10-X , pp. 299–378, here: P. 354 ff.
  39. ↑ Bernhard Parisius : Many looked for their own home. Refugees and displaced persons in western Lower Saxony (Treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia, Volume 79), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 2004, ISBN 3-932206-42-8 , p. 47.
  40. ^ Bernhard Parisius: Many sought their own home. Refugees and displaced persons in western Lower Saxony (Treatises and lectures on the history of East Friesland, Volume 79), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 2004, ISBN 3-932206-42-8 , p. 78/79 .
  41. ↑ Jürgen Bünstorf: The East Frisian Fehnsiedlung as a regional type of settlement and carrier of socio-functional professional tradition. (Treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia, Volume 45; also Göttingen Geographical Treatises, Volume 37), self-published by the Geographical Institute of the University of Göttingen, Göttingen 1966, p. 142.
  42. ↑ a b c Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes for municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 262 and 263 .
  43. ↑ The community of Ostrhauderfehn from 1970 ( memento from June 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on February 8, 2012.
  44. ^ Arend Remmers : From Aaltukerei to Zwischenmooren. The settlement names between Dollart and Jade. Verlag Schuster, Leer 2004, ISBN 3-7963-0359-5 , p. 186.
  45. ^ Arend Remmers: From Aaltukerei to Zwischenmooren. The settlement names between Dollart and Jade. Verlag Schuster, Leer 2004, ISBN 3-7963-0359-5 , p. 257.
  46. ↑ Jürgen Bünstorf: The East Frisian Fehnsiedlung as a regional type of settlement and carrier of socio-functional professional tradition. (Treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia, Volume 45; also Göttingen geographical treatises, volume 37), self-published by the Geographical Institute of the University of Göttingen, Göttingen 1966, without ISBN, p. ...). "
  47. ^ Arend Remmers: From Aaltukerei to Zwischenmooren. The settlement names between Dollart and Jade. Verlag Schuster, Leer 2004, ISBN 3-7963-0359-5 , p. 257.
  48. ↑ Fridrich Arends: Erdbeschreibung des Fürstenthums Ostfriesland and Harlingerlandes , Emden 1824. Online in the Google book search, p. 192, accessed on February 8, 2012.
  49. ^ Arend Remmers: From Aaltukerei to Zwischenmooren. The settlement names between Dollart and Jade. Verlag Schuster, Leer 2004, ISBN 3-7963-0359-5 , p. 174.
  50. ↑ Klaus von Beyme : The political system of the Federal Republic of Germany: An introduction , VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2004, ISBN 3-531-33426-3 , p. 100, limited preview in the Google book search, accessed on February 9, 2012.
  51. ↑ For this and the following results see Theodor Schmidt: Analysis of the statistics and relevant sources on the federal elections in East Frisia 1949–1972 . East Frisian Landscape, Aurich 1978, cartographic appendix.
  52. ^ Ostfriesen-Zeitung, September 19, 2005, p. 9.
  53. ↑ www.wahlen-ler.de: Bundestag election 2009 , second vote results in the municipalities of the district , accessed on February 9, 2012.
  54. ↑ www.nds-voris.de: Lower Saxony Municipal Constitutional Law (NKomVG) in the version of December 17, 2010; Section 46 - Number of MPs , accessed on December 27, 2016
  55. ^ The Mayor ( Memento of December 1, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on November 26, 2011
  56. ↑ a b Ostrhauderfehn - municipal election 2016 .
  57. ↑ The CDU gets the most votes nationwide. September 12, 2016, accessed December 27, 2016 .
  58. ↑ Individual results of the direct elections on May 25, 2014 in Lower Saxony , accessed on November 8, 2014
  59. ↑ The community of Ostrhauderfehn from 1970 ( memento from June 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on February 8, 2012.
  60. ^ District administration Leer: State election 2017 constituency 83 first votes
  61. ↑ Results of the 2017 Bundestag election in the constituency, broken down by cities and municipalities
  62. ^ Nordwest-Zeitung: Bundestag election: These members represent our region . In: NWZonline . ( nwzonline.de [accessed September 29, 2017]).
  63. ↑ a b Main statutes of the municipality of Ostrhauderfehn ( memento from June 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on November 26, 2011.
  64. ↑ www.kk-rhauderfehn.de: Homepage of the church district homepage , accessed on February 8, 2012.
  65. ↑ Kirchen ( memento of June 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on February 8, 2012. The total is 99.99 percent, the rest is a rounding error.
  66. ↑ Ostfr. Protestant Landvolkshochschule Potshausen ( memento from June 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on February 8, 2012.
  67. ↑ Lower Saxony Mill Road: Windmill Idafehn
  68. ↑ Regular events throughout the year ( Memento from February 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on February 9, 2012.
  69. ↑ Directory of sports / health / welfare associations ( memento from September 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on February 9, 2012.
  70. ↑ General-Anzeiger: Freibad: Today the demolition will be sealed , accessed on September 9, 2014.
  71. ↑ General-Anzeiger: Würdemann is tearing down the swimming pool , accessed on September 9, 2014.
  72. ↑ www.ostfriesenelandschaft.de: website of the Plattdütsbüros , accessed on February 8, 2012.
  73. ↑ www.ostrhauderfehn.de: Welcome to Ostrhauderfehn! / Wi proten ok Platt , accessed February 8, 2012.
  74. ↑ Low German Commissioner ( Memento from February 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on February 8, 2012.
  75. ^ Statistics from the Federal Employment Agency, Excel file, line 2216
  76. ↑ Information from the Ostrhauderfehn location profile of the Lower Saxony municipal location information system , accessed on February 9, 2012.
  77. ↑ Press release, No. 73, October 29, 2015 by the Employment Agency Leer  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 1 (PDF file).@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.arbeitsagentur.de  
  78. ↑ Commercial space in Ostrhauderfehn ( Memento from January 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  79. ↑ Leer ranks eighth with 384,000 tons (survey year: 2006). For comparison: the three highest values ​​were determined in the district of Cuxhaven (564,000 tons), in the district of Unterallgäu (451,000 tons) and in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg (448,000 tons). Source: Lower Saxony State Office for Statistics, quoted in: Ostfriesischer Kurier, August 14, 2008, p. 12
  80. ↑ www.ga-online.de: Biogas plans cause criticism , General-Anzeiger, January 17, 2011, accessed June 18, 2011.
  81. ↑ www.oz-online.de: Biogas plants make arable land expensive In: Ostfriesen-Zeitung , June 24, 2011, accessed June 25, 2011.
  82. ^ Ostrhauderfehn in the statistics ( memento from June 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  83. ↑ Klara Engelberg (edited version): Das Rhauder Fehn Ost und West 1769-1994. Verlag Ostendorp, Rhauderfehn 1994, without ISBN, p. 14.
  84. ↑ www.marine.de: Search result for Marinefunksendestelle Rhauderfehn delivers a PDF file (direct link does not work), accessed on February 9, 2012.
  85. ↑ www.nwz-online.de: 25 years of work between the towers , Nordwest-Zeitung, December 13, 2007, accessed on February 9, 2012.
  86. ↑ Ostrhauderfehn Police Station (menu item Services ) ( Memento from March 31, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on February 8, 2012.
  87. ↑ Haupt- und Realschule Ostrhauderfehn ( Memento from January 25, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  88. ^ Mamoun Fansa : Obituary for Hajo Hayen . In: Archaeological Communications from Northwest Germany . tape 15 , 1992, ISSN  0170-5776 , pp. 195-196 .
  89. ↑ Interesting facts about the Idafehn district ( Memento from June 6, 2010 in the Internet Archive )