Coming Langholt

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The gate stone of the former Johanniterkommende is now in the Fehn- und Schiffahrtsmuseum Rhauderfehn.

The Coming Langholt (also known as Langholt Monastery ) was a religious house of the Order of St. John . It was in Langholt , a district of today's municipality of Ostrhauderfehn in southeastern East Friesland . Langholt was probably a double from the start. Like the other East Frisian branches of the Order of St. John, it belonged to the Lower Germany district of the German Grand Priory. Within this, she was subordinate to the Westphalia ballot and the Kommende Burgsteinfurt , which also exercised the right to visit Langholt.

history

The founding year of the coming is unknown. Johanniter from Burgsteinfurt probably built it around the middle of the 13th century as a double in the previously completely undeveloped area in the Langholter Tief river valley, which is surrounded by raised bogs. Raised moors separated the settlement in the east from Saterland and in the west from Overledingerland .

On September 8, 1319, it was first mentioned in a document in the Groningen comparison between the Johanniter Hospital in Burgsteinfurt and the Frisian Commanderies, but must have existed before 1270.

The situation on the border to the Niederstift Münster repeatedly led to confrontations in which the comedian was robbed of her cattle. At the time of the East Frisian chiefs , Focko Ukena probably exercised the patronage of Langholt. He commissioned his Komtur Memmo in 1424 to rebuild the Thedinga monastery . In 1510 the Kommende placed itself under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Münster.

According to previous knowledge, the branch in Langholt consisted of two very long farmhouses, the Komturhaus and a wooden church, which burned down in 1690. The upcoming also included a Vorwerk in Burlage . The Johanniter had initially founded this as an independent Commandery Buyrla (named 1319), but later attached to Langholt as a Vorwerk. In addition, the order still owned around 6000 hectares of land in Langholt, largely in a wasteland that still bears the name Klostermoor today . The main source of income was the livestock industry. In addition, arable farming was carried out on a modest scale. There is no further evidence from the history of the Coming Party before the Reformation.

After the Reformation , all of the monasteries and those who came in East Frisia were gradually dissolved. The Counts of East Friesland proceeded particularly rigorously against the Johanniter, who they completely expropriated. The counts apparently used an older sovereign protective power over the order. In 1528 Langholt also came into the possession of Count Enno II. This procedure later led to several lawsuits before the Imperial Court of Justice.

During the first battle of Jemgum , soldiers of the Duke of Geldern pillaged the commander, which was then rebuilt. In 1540 the commander and a priest still lived there. Four or five farmhands took care of the farm with their 50 cows. After 1562 there was no longer a commander in Langholt, but there was still a priest, who switched to Protestantism and was henceforth in the service of the count.

On September 3, 1574, the Reich Chamber Court reached a settlement between the East Frisian counts and the Johannitern. The then ruling Countess of East Friesland, Anna , had to return the goods of the order of Langholt and Hasselt "with all the works, benefits, pensions and other accessories". These were then awarded to hereditary tenants by the Order, represented by the Johanniter Commandery in Burgsteinfurt . It was not until 1807 that these goods were confiscated by order of Ludwig Napoleon , King of Holland , to whom East Frisia was subject at that time, and thus became a state domain . However, the buildings deteriorated more and more and were partly used as a quarry. Around 1770 a building is said to have still been there. The last remains were removed at the beginning of the 20th century. The gate stone of the former commander is in the Fehn- und Schiffahrtsmuseum Westrhauderfehn.

The archive of the coming has been lost. All documents and files that were in the Count's archives in Aurich were sent to the Komtur of the house of Lage in Westphalia and to Conrad Schiffard von on September 24, 1608 in the course of the trials that had been going on around Langholt since the mid-16th century Merode, Komtur in Lower Germany. What happened to them afterwards is unclear. Files relating to the East Frisian Johanniter estates are only available for the 17th and 18th centuries. They are now in the Lower Saxony State Archives (Aurich site) and in Burgsteinfurt Castle.

literature

  • Marc Sgonina: Langholt - Johanniter double coming . In: Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (Ed.): Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810 . Part 1-4. Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 3895349569 . Pp. 914-917.
  • Enno Schöningh: The Order of St. John in Ostfriesland , vol. LIV in the series of treatises and lectures on the history of East Friesland (published by the East Frisian landscape in connection with the Lower Saxony State Archives Aurich ), Aurich 1973
  • Harm Wiemann: A brief overview of the history of the Johanniter Klosters Langholt , Aurich 1979.
  • Hemmo Suur: History of the former monasteries in the province of East Friesland: An attempt . Hahn, Emden 1838, p. 119 (reprint of the edition from 1838, Verlag Martin Sendet, Niederwalluf 1971, ISBN 3-500-23690-1 ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Harm Wiemann: The Johanniter monastery Langholt . In: 150 years of St. Bonifatius Rhauderfehn . Festschrift for the 150th anniversary on December 1, 1981. Rhauderfehn 1981, p. 16ff. Quoted here from rhaude.de , accessed on January 6, 2010.
  2. ↑ a b Marc Sgonina: Langholt - Johanniter Double Coming . In: Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (Ed.): Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810 . Part 1-4. Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 3895349569 . Pp. 914-917.
  3. ↑ a b Frank Groeneveld: For the anniversary, a tea maker paralyzed the organ , Fehntjer Kurier of June 6, 1991, p. 6, here quoted from rhaude.de , viewed on January 6, 2010.
  4. ^ Heinrich Schmidt: Political history of East Frisia . Rautenberg, Leer 1975 (Ostfriesland in the protection of the dike, vol. 5), p. 171.
  5. ↑ Ortschronisten der Ostfriesischen Landschaft: Langholt, municipality Ostrhauderfehn, district Leer (PDF; 553 kB).
  6. ↑ Municipality of Ostrhauderfehn: Things worth knowing about the Langholt district ( Memento of the original from December 13, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 6, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ostrhauderfehn.de

Coordinates: 53 ° 6 ′ 49.6 "  N , 7 ° 35 ′ 29.5"  E