Coming Burmönks
The Coming Burmönken (also known as Burmönken Monastery ) was an order house of the Order of St. John . It was between Leerhafe and Asel in the area of the district town of Wittmund . The name of the village Burmönken (meaning: peasantry among the monks ), on whose territory the monastery was located, still reminds of its existence today.
history
The first written mention of the Kommende Burmönken comes from the year 1319. It can be found in the document for the so-called Groninger comparison on September 8th of that year, a comparison between the Johanniter Chapter in Burgsteinfurt and the Frisian Commanderies, where Burmönken, however, are still called Bure referred to as. This name probably goes back to a settlement that existed before the foundation of the Kommende and was located south of today's Burmönken on a larger Geest hill.
The beginnings of the coming are in the dark. The Johanniter probably founded the settlement at the turn of the 12th to the 13th century. It was the only branch of the Johanniter in the East Frisian jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Bremen . The lonely location of this Johanniter house suggests that the Burmönken was not a planned foundation of the Johanniter, but rather a donation gave the impetus.
The order church was built from hewn granite blocks. Similar medieval sacred buildings can still be found in the surrounding villages and suggest that the building was built before 1250. Presumably it was previously the church of the Bure settlement and then served as a place of worship for the coming one. In addition, the coming party still had the patronage rights over the Ardorfer Church . Little is known about the history of the Coming, as the archive of the Convention was completely lost. In 1514 the settlement fell victim to pillage by the Black Guard ( zwarte hoops ) . The Frisian historian Ubbo Emmius (1547–1625) reports on this destruction:
“ Rerum Frisicarum historiae […] In the meantime, the Black Guard and Hugo von Leisnig had crossed from the Oldenburg area to the Jeverland on February 14 [1514]. […] Shortly afterwards he [ Count Edzard I. ] heard that the mercenaries had invaded the areas of Gödens and Knipens from Jever and had raged there with arson and looting. Then they invaded the Auricherland in large numbers . The Burmönken monastery, Tjüchen , Leerhafe, Rispel and everything in the vicinity of these places would have been devastated with fire. "
After the Reformation, Hero Ohmken deprived her economic base in 1540 when he confiscated her income.
In the period that followed, the destroyed buildings of the commander were used as a quarry. The church was probably torn down in 1558. The church litter was removed in the 19th century. Remains of cloister format stones can still be found in the walls or in front of the entrances to some Burmönk farms.
After the introduction of the Reformation in East Frisia, the Johanniter holdings in and around Burmönken were secularized.
Possessions and rights
Burmönken owned the patronage rights over the Ardorfer Church . In Tjüchen (also called Tjüchermönken) there was a Vorwerk , the existence of which can be documented as early as 1319. Originally, this outbuilding was probably an independent monastery. Other possessions were in Isums, Ardorf , within the parish Leerhafe and around the village of Kloster (today Kloster Amerika in the village of Hovel, city of Wittmund). The Burmönker Kommende had further possessions and rights through inheritances from Burhafe and through the will of chief Siebo von Dornum.
meaning
The fact that the founding of the monastery soon gained in importance can be determined from a number of facts. For example, in a letter from the Grand Master of St. John of Rhodes, the Burmönken monastery is mentioned as a member of the Steinfurt Coming House alongside the religious houses in Jemgum , Abbingwehr and Muhde . The fact that the Kommende Dünebroek , Langholt and Hasselt are not mentioned in this letter suggests that only the most important East Frisian possessions of the Johanniter were known on Rhodes, to which the Burmönks obviously belonged. In terms of economic power and annual income, the monastery on the border with Jeverland also took a top position among the East Frisian comedians . The annual taxes that Burmönken had to pay to Steinfurt were even higher than the response payments from the equally important Johanniterkloster in Jemgum. In 1540, the Steinfurt commander named the annual income of the monastic possessions in Burmönken at 350 guilders and, with reference to this sum, applied for compensation for the losses caused by the secularization .
Burmönken also played an important role as a meeting place for peace negotiations in eastern East Frisia and in the neighboring Jeverland. In 1496, Count Edzard I and Edo Wiemken negotiated for Kniphausen here. The Burmönker Komture , whose names mostly indicate Frisian descent, were sought-after mediators, envoys and negotiators in a number of legal and political disputes.
archeology
The local history association Burmönken asked the East Frisian landscape in 1985, on the occasion of the 666th anniversary of the village, to carry out a small archaeological investigation on the monastery desert. By means of drilling it was found that 40 to 80 centimeters of earth had been artificially applied on the site. In some areas this was interspersed with brick crumbs and at one point there were even three screeds on top of each other, which indicate that the area was built up in the Middle Ages. However, there were no other findings that indicated stone buildings, so an excavation was not carried out.
literature
- Ubbo Emmius : Rerum Frisicarum historiae , Groningen 1616 (translated by Erich von Reeken: Ubbo Emmius. Frisian History , Volume V. Frankfurt am Main, 1981)
- H. Hoogeweg: Directory of the founders and monasteries of Lower Saxony , 1908
- Marc Sgonina: Burmönken - Johanniter . In: Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (Ed.): Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810 . Part 1, Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 3-89534-957-7 , pp. 278–280
- Enno Schöningh: The Order of St. John in Ostfriesland , Volume LIV in the series of treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia (published by the East Frisian Landscape in conjunction with the Lower Saxony State Archives Aurich ), Aurich 1973
- Menno Smid : East Frisian Church History , Volume VI in the series East Friesland in the protection of the dykes. Contributions to the culture and economic history of the East Frisian coastal region (published on behalf of the Lower Saxony Deichacht and its legal successor to the Krummhörn Deichacht by Johannes Ohling), Pewsum 1974
- Hemmo Suur: History of the former monasteries in the province of East Friesland: An attempt . Hahn, Emden 1838. p. 124 f. (Reprint of the edition from 1838, Verlag Martin Sendet, Niederwalluf 1971, ISBN 3-500-23690-1 ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ H. Hoogeweg: Directory of the founders and monasteries of Lower Saxony , 1908
- ↑ a b c d Enno Schöningh: The Order of St. John in Ostfriesland , Aurich 1973, p. 33ff.
- ↑ a b c d e Marc Sgonina: Burmönken - Johanniter . In: Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (Ed.): Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810 . Part 1, Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 3-89534-957-7 , pp. 278–280
- ↑ Menno Smid: Ostfriesische Kirchengeschichte ( Ostfriesland in the protection of the dykes. Contributions to the culture and economic history of the East Frisian coastal country ; published on behalf of the Lower Saxony Deichacht and its legal successor to the Deichacht Krummhörn by Johannes Ohling; Volume VI), Pewsum 1974, p. 103.
- ↑ a b Enno Schöningh: The Order of St. John in East Friesland . Aurich 1973, p. 13f.
- ↑ Ubbo Emmius: Rerum Frisicarum historiae , 1616, 44th book, p. 698 (Erich von Reeken (transl.): Ubbo Emmius. Friesische Geschichte , Volume V, Frankfurt am Main, 1981)
- ↑ Libri bullarum (register books of St. John in Malta archive Valetta , Malta ); quoted after Enno Schöningh: The Order of St. John in Ostfriesland , Aurich 1973, p. 34.
- ^ Münster State Archives: Johanniterkommende Münster , A, No. 3; quoted from Enno Schöningh: Der Johanniterorden in Ostfriesland , Aurich 1973, p. 34.
- ^ Ostfriesische Landschaft, Fundchronik 1985: 2l. 2412/6: 2 empty harbors, Wittmund municipality, Burmönken monastery . Retrieved May 13, 2009
Coordinates: 53 ° 33'11.1 " N , 7 ° 48'51.8" E