Coming barrier

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Memorial stone in Abbingwehr.

The Coming Abbingwehr (also called Abbingwehr Abbey ) was an East Frisian order house of the Johanniter . It was located near Abbingwehr in what is now the municipality of Hinte . The branch is one of the most important of the order in East Frisia.

history

The founding date of the coming is unknown. The settlement is possibly related to the fifth crusade , during which the Frisians learned to appreciate the work of the Johanniter and gave the order donations before 1240. Another theory assumes that the Coming was created at the end of the 13th or beginning of the 14th century. Accordingly, the Order of St. John acquired land in Abbingwehr between 1285 and 1290. There they established their settlement on a terp north of the village of Loppersum . In a comparison between the Johanniter Hospital in Burgsteinfurt and the Frisian Commanderies, the Kommende is mentioned for the first time as Abbyngearve in 1319 .

The coming soon achieved some prosperity. In 1402, the East Frisian chiefs Keno II. Tom Brok and Enne zu Pilsum der Kommende gave the "dorpstede" to Miedelsum near today's town of Uttum . A Vorwerk was built there, which grew rapidly thanks to gifts. In the same year, nuns in Abbingwehr are named for the first time, who in the period from 1425 to 1455 even made up the majority of the convent members. A mother superior presided over the sisters, who after taking their vows even wore the traditional costume with the St. John's Cross. In 1492 the Komtur zu Burgsteinfurt ordered that the Kommende Heiselhusen with "land, sand and all accessories" should be incorporated into Abbingwehr . This probably happened against the background of economic problems that arose after the number of working brothers at the Johanniter houses decreased. The incorporation of the commander Hasselt , Hesel and Boekzetel , ordered in 1499 , however, did not materialize because of the resistance of the East Frisian houses. Shortly before 1500 the Johanniter leased their Vorwerk in Miedelsum. At the beginning of the 16th century Abbingwehr was considered the richest coming from East Friesland. In Miedelsum she owned around 300 grazing land, and in Abbingwehr itself another 365 grazing land. There was also extensive free float. The economic basis was livestock farming and, to a lesser extent, arable farming on ash soils in the wider area around Abbingwehr.

According to estimates by visitors of the Order of St. John, Abbingwehr's annual income was around 350 guilders in 1540, of which twelve were to be paid as response money (= taxes) to the Steinfurt commander . However, these figures only confirm the status after the Reformation , during which the East Frisian Count Enno II appropriated Abbingwehr in 1528 as well as the other branches of the Order of St. John in East Frisia. He had the residents chased away and the settlements plundered. The count apparently used an older sovereign protective power over the order. This procedure later led to several lawsuits before the Reich Chamber of Commerce . In 1529 the Church of the Coming was demolished on the orders of the Count. The Count's Meier moved into the other buildings of the Coming House . In 1539, the count pledged the entire property of the Kommende in Abbingwehr for 3500 kroner. When visitors from the Johanniter Abbingwehr visited in 1540, they no longer met any members of the order.

In 1546 the Emden reformer and regional superintendent of East Frisia, Johannes á Lasco , bought Abbingwehr for 4,500 Reichstaler and lived here with his wife for two years. It is unclear whether there were structural remains of the upcoming one at this point in time. A Gulfhof was later built there , but has since been demolished. Today a memorial stone commemorates the coming.

literature

  • Marc Sgonina: Abbingwehr - Johanniter double coming . In: Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (Ed.): Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810 . Part 1-4. Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 3895349569 . Pp. 1-3.
  • Enno Schöningh: Der Johanniterorden in Ostfriesland , Volume LIV in: Treatises and lectures on the history of Ostfriesland (published by the Ostfriesische Landschaft in connection with the Lower Saxony State Archives in Aurich), Aurich 1973
  • Hemmo Suur: History of the former monasteries in the province of East Friesland: An attempt . Hahn, Emden 1838. P. 122 ff. (Reprint of the edition from 1838, Verlag Martin Sendet, Niederwalluf 1971, ISBN 3-500-23690-1 ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Marc Sgonina: Abbingwehr - Johanniter-Doppelkommende . In: Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (Ed.): Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810 . Part 1-4. Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 3895349569 . Pp. 1-3.
  2. ↑ a b Gerhard Streich: Monasteries, monasteries and those coming in Lower Saxony before the Reformation . August Lax, Hildesheim 1986, ISBN 3-7848-2005-0 , p. 37 (Publications of the Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen, Volume 2; Studies and preliminary work on the Historical Atlas of Lower Saxony, Issue 30) online  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 5.3 MB).@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / wwwuser.gwdg.de  
  3. ^ Harm Wiemann: The Johanniter monastery Langholt . In: 150 years of St. Bonifatius Rhauderfehn . Festschrift for the 150th anniversary on December 1, 1981. Rhauderfehn 1981, p. 16ff. Quoted here from rhaude.de , accessed on January 6, 2010.
  4. ^ Hemmo Suur: History of the former monasteries in the province of East Friesland . Hahn, Emden 1838, p. 123 .
  5. ^ Hemmo Suur: History of the former monasteries in the province of East Friesland . Hahn, Emden 1838, p. 124 .
  6. ^ Heinrich Schmidt: Political history of East Frisia . Rautenberg, Leer 1975 (Ostfriesland in the protection of the dike, vol. 5), p. 171.
  7. ↑ Monument commemorates Abbingwehr Abbey - Aurich district - Emder Zeitung. Retrieved August 27, 2019 .

Coordinates: 53 ° 26 ′ 29.6 ″  N , 7 ° 14 ′ 41 ″  E