Coming moo

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Agricultural buildings on the site of the former Kommende Muhde.

The Coming Muhde was a commander of the Johanniter in East Friesland . It was located at the confluence of the Leda with the Ems across from Leerort near Leer . This location gave it its name (Muhde = mouth). Along with Abbingwehr and Jemgum, Muhde is one of the more important houses of the order in East Frisia. Although nuns are mentioned for the first time in 1490, Muhde, like the other branches of the order in East Friesland, has been a double since it was founded .

history

The Johanniter founded the Kommende around 1284 on the old property of the Werden monastery , which the order had bought. It is mentioned for the first time on September 8, 1319 in a comparison between the Johanniter Chapter in Burgsteinfurt and the Frisian Commanderies under the name Lethemuda . A name that refers to the location of the commander at the mouth of the Leda and the Ems. Locally there was a previous settlement, which already at 900 in a lifting tab is called the Abbey becoming.

Due to its location, Muhde achieved some prosperity. The confluence of the Leda into the Ems was an important point of view for the Ems shipping. Was a connection Johanniter offices in over the Coming Bokel Esch and Langholt by Jemgum . In addition, Muhde owned the church patronage and thus possibly also property in Petkum (since 1408) and Mitling (since the beginning of the 16th century). Furthermore, the Johanniter operated the Vorwerk Petkumermönken and Coldemüntje and, from around 1420, the Vorwerk from Halte an der Ems, in Tergast, Steenfelde and Rhaude and also probably a grass house (also a Vorwerk) in Muhde. These goods, some of which were located far away from the Overledingerland , came into possession of these goods primarily through donations. These formed the economic basis of the coming. The Johanniter cultivated some of the lands themselves. However, they leased large lands. This brought Muhde considerable financial income. According to historical tradition, there was a fair in Muhde, which may have been held for the parish fair . Cattle and regional products as well as wood products from the Münsterland were probably sold there. However, there are no clear documents on this.

During the siege of the Leerort fortress opposite, Muhde is said to have been sacked in 1514 by the troops of Heinrich I of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel .

A few years later, around 1520, the Reformation found its way into East Frisia. This meant the slow end for those to come. Count Enno II appropriated a large part of their possessions by ordering that all monstrances and chalices, all gold and silver from the monasteries and churches in East Frisia are to be delivered. In Muhde, the count confiscated the Vasa Sacra of the monastery church in 1528. The commander remained in existence with limited independence under the supervision of the East Frisian count house.

On January 28, 1561, the last Komtur von Muhde, Berend von Hage, sold the possessions of the commander , a total of about 180 hectares of land and the buildings, for the small sum of 200 thalers and an annual pension of 100 thalers, which was also used to train his Son should be used. The buildings of the commandery, chapel and accommodation as well as farm buildings slowly fell into disrepair. From 1556 onwards they were gradually demolished because they were in disrepair. A few years later, in 1562, the chapel was torn down, and the stones were reused for building the church in Jemgum and for fortifying Leerort. In 1566 the comming was completely removed.

The estate of the coming man was given to the count's property and in lease or long lease. The village of Muhde today consists of three large farms and a few private houses. There are no more rising wall remnants of the upcoming one. There are only a few basement foundations in the ground. The cemetery of the Johanniter settlement was discovered in 1908 during excavation work.

To date, no view of the system is known. It is assumed that the chapel and a three-winged enclosure formed a rectangle, in whose inner courtyard monastery life took place. The farm buildings stood around this facility.

literature

  • Marc Sgonina: Muhde . In: Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (Ed.): Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810 . Part 3, Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 3895349593 , p. 1066 ff.
  • Enno Schöningh: The Order of St. John in Ostfriesland , Volume LIV in: Treatises and lectures on the history of Ostfriesland (published by the Ostfriesische Landschaft in conjunction with the Lower Saxony State Archives in Aurich), Aurich 1973, pp. 46-48
  • Hemmo Suur: History of the former monasteries in the province of East Friesland: An attempt . Hahn, Emden 1838. P. 119 ff. (Reprint of the edition from 1838, Verlag Martin Sendet, Niederwalluf 1971, ISBN 3-500-23690-1 ). Online at archive.org.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gerhard Streich: Monasteries, monasteries and commander in Lower Saxony before the Reformation , in: Publication of the Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen, II: Studies and preparations for the Historical Atlas Lower Saxony, 30th issue, Hildesheim 1986, ISBN 3-7848-2005- 0 (can also be viewed online  ( page can no longer be accessed , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 100 .; accessed on April 29, 2010)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / wwwuser.gwdg.de  
  2. ↑ Marc Sgonina: Muhde . In: Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (Ed.): Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810 . Part 3, Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 3895349593 , p. 1066 ff.
  3. ↑ a b c d Hermann Adams (local chronicle of the East Frisian landscape): Driever, community Westoverledingen, district Leer (PDF; 30 kB), accessed on June 24, 2011.
  4. ↑ a b Westoverledingen.de: Information on "Kloster Muhde" , accessed on April 29, 2010.
  5. ^ Hemmo Suur (bailiff to the north): History of the former monasteries in the province of East Friesland , Emden 1838, p. 121.
  6. ^ Heinrich Schmidt: Political history of East Frisia . Rautenberg, Leer 1975 (Ostfriesland in the protection of the dike, vol. 5), p. 171.
  7. ^ Hemmo Suur (bailiff to the north): History of the former monasteries in the province of East Friesland , Emden 1838, p. 120/121.

Coordinates: 53 ° 12 ′ 20 ″  N , 7 ° 25 ′ 8 ″  E