Coming Hasselt

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The Kommende Hasselt (also called Hasselt Monastery ) was an East Frisian order house of the Johanniter . It was located southeast of Hesel in the Moormerland and was first mentioned in a document in 1319 in the so-called Groninger comparison .

history

Little is known about the story of the Coming. Most of the documents were lost during the Reformation and the desolation of the order settlement has not yet been archaeologically examined. Hasselt is first mentioned as Harsalae in the 10th century . Other traditional names are Harsle (1319), Crucesignati in Herslo (1475) and Haßelt (1599). The current spelling has been in use since 1825. The name is interpreted as a combination of the old Frisian terms for horse or tree-lined hill with the old Frisian basic word for forest . Hasselt therefore means Rosswald or forest with individual hills . The name could also have been given by a hallway that was characterized by hazel bushes.

The place was on a summer route from Leer via Holtland to Uplengen and on the old Heerweg from Hesel to Filsum and Stickhausen. Hasselt had owned the Werden monastery since the early Middle Ages , but was bought by the Bishop of Münster , to whose diocese at that time the largest part of East Frisia belonged. It is believed that the Order of St. John bought the Hasselt property from the Bishop of Münster in order to build a religious house there. The upcoming also included a Vorwerk in Nortmoor.

In 1495, the Kommende Hesel and its Vorwerk were incorporated in Stikelkamp in Hasselt, a little later also the Kommende Boekzetel . The incorporation of the Kommende Hasselt, ordered in 1499, including its outbuildings in Hesel and Boekzetel , however, did not materialize because of the resistance of the East Frisian houses. After 1500 the number of conventuals in Hasselt decreased. Thereupon the Kommende leased their outbuildings in Boekzetel and Stikelkamp, ​​possibly also those in Hesel and Nortmoor.

Hasselt was a double. This is indicated by the mention of a nun in 1540. Further evidence from the history of the Coming is not available to date.

After the Reformation , Count Enno II moved in all Johanniter branches in East Frisia. So did Hasselt in 1528. The count obviously used an older sovereign protective power over the order. The last nun left the Kommende in 1545. In 1558 Enno II had the church and the other buildings demolished in order to obtain building material for the new kennel in Stickhausen . Today there are no more parts of the wall left from the coming. Since 1549 the Order of St. John has been suing the Reich Chamber of Commerce for the return of the Johanniter goods in East Friesland in several lawsuits .

On September 3, 1574, both parties agreed on a settlement. The then ruling Countess of East Friesland Anna had to return the monastic estates Langholt and Hasselt "with all the works, validities, pensions and other accessories". The Johanniter properties in Hasselt were then given nobility-equivalent tax privileges and continued to be leased to two hired workers. Between them and the order, represented by the Johanniter Commandery in Burgsteinfurt , there was a dispute over the status of the tenants from 1720, which could only be resolved when the tenants finally bought the farms.

literature

  • Marc Sgonina: Hasselt - Johanniter double coming . In: Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (Ed.): Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810 . Part 1-4. Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 3895349569 , pp. 600–603.
  • Enno Schöningh: The Order of St. John in Ostfriesland , vol. LIV in the series of treatises and lectures on the history of East Friesland (published by the East Frisian landscape in connection with the Lower Saxony State Archives Aurich), Aurich 1973.
  • Franz Körholz (Hrsg.): The land register of the abbey in the Ruhr. Bonn 1950.
  • Hemmo Suur: History of the former monasteries in the province of East Friesland: An attempt . Hahn, Emden 1838, p. 121. (Reprint of the edition from 1838, Verlag Martin Sendet, Niederwalluf 1971, ISBN 3-500-23690-1 ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Enno Schöningh: The Order of St. John in Ostfriesland , Aurich 1973, p. 37.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Paul Weßels (local chronicle of the East Frisian landscape): Hesel, Samtgemeinde Hesel, district of Leer (PDF; 911 kB), accessed on October 13, 2012.
  3. ↑ Franz Körholz (Ed.): The Urbare der Werden an der Ruhr , Bonn 1950, p. 94.
  4. ↑ a b c d Marc Sgonina: Hasselt - Johanniter-Doppelkommende . In: Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (Ed.): Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810 . Part 1-4. Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 3895349569 . Pp. 600-603.
  5. ^ Heinrich Schmidt: Political history of East Frisia . Rautenberg, Leer 1975 (Ostfriesland in the protection of the dike, vol. 5), p. 171.
  6. ↑ Ortschronisten der Ostfriesischen Landschaft: Langholt, municipality Ostrhauderfehn, district Leer (PDF; 553 kB).

Coordinates: 53 ° 17 ′ 8.3 "  N , 7 ° 38 ′ 31.6"  E