Holy herb
| Holy herb | ||||||||||||
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Green sable herb ( Santolina virens ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Santolina | ||||||||||||
| L. |
Santolina ( Santolina ) is a plant genus in the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). The approximately 24 species are distributed in the western Mediterranean area .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Santolina species grow as branched, mostly upright, sometimes overhanging to lying half-shrubs that reach heights of (rarely 5 to) usually 10 to 60 centimeters. These are mostly aromatic-smelling and mostly hairy plants that sometimes develop rhizomes . The alternate and distributed mostly on the stem arranged leaves are sessile or pedunculated and usually feathered.
Generative characteristics
The cup-shaped inflorescences are single and terminal on a long inflorescence stem. The disc-shaped flower heads have a diameter of usually 6 to 10 (3 to more than 12) millimeters. The 18 to more than 45 unequal bracts are usually in three (rarely up to five) rows. The inflorescence bases are convex to hemispherical. There are chaff leaves. The flower heads do not contain ray-florets , but only 60 to over 250 tubular florets. The hermaphroditic, fertile tubular flowers usually have compressed and winged corolla tubes . The colors of the petals range from whitish straw to light to bright yellow.
The mostly three to five-ribbed and hairless achenes have a one-sided appendage at their tip that is formed from the corolla tube. There is no pappus .
Botanical history
In England, holy herb was first described in William Turner's book of herbs . John Parkinson referred to it in 1629 in his “ Paradisi in sole paradisus terrestris, or, a choise garden of all sorts of rarest flowers, with their nature, place of birth, time of flowring, names, and vertues to each plant, useful in physick, or admired for beauty ”from 1629 as“ rare and novel ”.
use
Two to three species are cultivated as ornamental plants around the world . In early modern England, it was popular as a bed border.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Santolina was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . The botanical genus name Santolina is derived from the Latin word sanctus for holy and linum for flax, based on an ancient name for one of the species of this genus.
The genus Santolina is widespread in the western Mediterranean area : in southern Europe and North Africa.
24 Santolina species are recognized, most of which are grouped into two collective types:
- Santolina adscensionis Maire : It occurs in Morocco.
- Santolina africana Jord. & Fourr. : It occurs in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.
- Santolina elegans DC. : It occurs in Spain.
- Santolina oblongifolia Boiss. : It occurs in Spain.
- Santolina viscosa Lag . : It occurs in Spain.
- Collective species Santolina chamaecyparissus agg .:
- Santolina benthamiana Jord. & Fourr. : It occurs in Spain and France.
- Graues Heiligenkraut , Silberblättriges Heiligenkraut, Cypress-Heiligenkraut or Cypressenkraut ( Santolina chamaecyparissus L. )
- Santolina corsica Jord. & Fourr. : It occurs in Sardinia and Corsica.
- Santolina decumbens Mill . : It occurs in Spain and France.
- Santolina etrusca (Lacaita) Marchi & D'Amato : It occurs in Italy.
- Santolina insularis (Fiori) Arrigoni : It occurs in Sardinia.
- Santolina ligustica Arrigoni : It occurs in Italy.
- Santolina magonica (O.Bolòs & al.) Romo : It occurs in Ibiza, Mallorca and Menorca.
- Santolina neapolitana Jord. & Fourr. : It occurs in Italy.
- Santolina pinnata Viv. : It occurs in Italy.
- Santolina villosa Mill . : It occurs in Spain and France.
- Santolina virens Mill .; also Santolina viridis , olive herb, green saintly herb: it occurs in Spain and France.
- Collection type Santolina rosmarinifolia agg .:
- Santolina ageratifolia Asso : It occurs in Spain.
- Santolina canescens Lag . : It occurs in Spain.
- Santolina impressa Hoffmanns. & Link : It occurs in Portugal.
- Santolina melidensis (Rodr.Oubiña & S.Ortiz) Rodr.Oubiña & S.Ortiz : It occurs in Spain.
- Santolina pectinata Lag . : It occurs in Morocco, Algeria and Spain.
- Rosemary-leaved saint herb ( Santolina rosmarinifolia L. ): It occurs in Portugal and Spain.
- Santolina semidentata Hoffmanns. & Link : It occurs in Portugal and Spain.
No longer belonging to the genus (selection):
- Santolina annua L. ⇒ Lonas inodora (L.) Gaertn.
- Santolina suaveolens Pursh ⇒ Radiationless chamomile ( Matricaria discoidea DC. )
- Santolina trifurcata L. ⇒ Athanasia trifurcata (L.) L.
More pictures
Rosemary-leaved saintly herb ( Santolina rosmarinifolia ):
swell
- Linda E. Watson: Santolina. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , pp. 497 (English). , online. (engl.)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore). : Santolina. In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009.
- ^ A b Mary Keen: The Glory of the English Garden. Boston, Litte, Brown and Co. 1989, p. 17.
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae 1753, p. 842, digitized
- ^ Nieves Marcos, Ana Rosa Burgaz: Santolina virens Miller (= S. viridis Willd.): A plant belonging to the Spanish flora. In: Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid. Volume 47, No. 2, 1989, pp. 513-516, (PDF file)
- ↑ Planting and care instructions for olive herbs from gardener Pötschke (PDF file) accessed on March 18, 2016
- ^ Santolina in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Web links
- Entry in Plants For A Future . (engl.)