Radiant chamomile

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Radiant chamomile
Radiant chamomile (Matricaria discoidea)

Radiant chamomile ( Matricaria discoidea )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Anthemideae
Genre : Chamomiles ( Matricaria )
Type : Radiant chamomile
Scientific name
Matricaria discoidea
DC.
Radiant chamomile ( Matricaria discoidea )
Radiant chamomile ( Matricaria discoidea )

The radiant chamomile ( Matricaria discoidea ), also called radiant chamomile , is a species of the family of chamomiles ( Matricaria ); it belongs to the subfamily of Asteroideae within the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae).

It owes its name to the lack of white ray florets .

description

The radiant chamomile is an annual herbaceous plant that reaches heights of about 5 to 40 centimeters. The stems are erect or ascending, somewhat fleshy, branched upwards, sometimes also from the base. The branches are straight, glabrous in the lower part and sometimes a little hairy below the head. The leaves are 2–6 inches long and 1–2 inches wide, glabrous and have numerous tips that are pointed or awned briefly.

The heads are 5 to 12 millimeters in diameter. The bracts have a fern-less edge. In contrast to the real chamomile , the radiant chamomile has no white ray flowers . Its hermaphroditic tubular flowers are yellowish-green and strongly scented. The corolla is 1.1-1.4 millimeters long. The achenes are pale brown and have 3–4 ribs on the ventral side.

The flowering time is from June to September (rarely until October).

The chromosome number of the species is 2n = 18.

ecology

The flowers are pollinated by insects (especially dipteras ) or pollinate themselves. It is a typical stepping plant: the fruits become slimy when wet, then stick to shoes, tires, etc. and can thus be carried over long distances.

The plant smells similar to real chamomile ( Matricaria chamomilla ), but its essential oil is composed differently so that it cannot be used as a substitute for it. A form introduced in eastern North America has an apple odor.

Occurrence

Radiationless chamomile is native to Northeast Asia and Pacific North America. It occurs worldwide as a neophyte in temperate zones . In Central Europe it was first observed as a horticulturist from the Botanical Garden in Berlin in 1852 and is now completely naturalized.

It occurs in turf, especially near settlements; it often grows there in larger groups. It prefers open, nutrient-rich, dense loam and clay soil.

In the Lechquellen Mountains in Vorarlberg at the Hotel Körbersee it rises up to 1670 m above sea level.

According to Ellenberg , it is a light plant, a moderate heat pointer, a freshness pointer, a weak acid to weak base pointer, a pronounced nitrogen pointer and an association character of the bird knotweed turf societies (Polygonion avicularis).

Systematics

Synonyms for the radiant chamomile are Artemisia matricarioides auct. non less. , Matricaria matricarioides auct. non (Less.) Porter , Santolina suaveolens Pursh , Chamomilla suaveolens (Pursh) Rydb. , Matricaria suaveolens (Pursh) Buchenau , Tanacetum suaveolens (Pursh) Hook.

history

The history of the spread of the radiationless chamomile in Germany begins with the discovery by Alexander Braun in 1852. He found the species in Berlin-Schöneberg on "Dorfstrasse" in the company of Xanthium strumarium , Lepidium squamatum , Sisymbrium irio and Impatiens parviflora . Robert Caspary later discovered her in 1859 in Königsberg between the Union foundry and the exit gate. The spread itself took place mainly through the railroad and ship traffic and in detail through the slimy achenes on wagon wheels, feet and hooves. Already after about 50 years the species was widespread in Germany, but the density of distribution continued to increase.

swell

literature

  • Otto Schmeil, Jost Fitschen (greeting), Werner Rauh, Karlheinz Senghas: Flora of Germany and neighboring countries. 88th edition. Quelle & Meyer, Heidelberg 1988, ISBN 3-494-01166-4 , p. 447.
  • Margot Spohn, Marianne Golte-Bechtle: What is blooming there? The encyclopedia: over 1000 flowering plants from Central Europe. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10326-9 .
  • QON Kay: Chamomilla SFGray. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin u. a .: Flora Europaea . Volume 4, Cambridge University Press, 1976, ISBN 0-521-08717-1 , p. 167. (description)
  • Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Volume VI, Part 4, 2nd edition. Paul Parey Verlag, Berlin / Hamburg 1987, ISBN 3-489-86020-9 , pp. 584-587. (History)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 , p. 302 .
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 936-937 .
  3. ↑ Luc Brouillet: Matricaria. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , pp. 541 (English). , (online)
  4. ^ Matricaria discoidea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  5. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings . Volume 2, IHW-Verlag, Eching near Munich 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 605.
  6. ↑ Heinz Ellenberg : Vegetation of Central Europe with the Alps in an ecological, dynamic and historical perspective (=  UTB for science. Large series . Volume 8104 ). 5th, heavily changed and improved edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8252-8104-3 .
  7. ^ Gerhard Wagenitz (Ed.): Family Compositae . In Gustav Hegi : Illustrated Flora of Central Europe. 2nd Edition. Volume VI, Part 3, Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1979, ISBN 3-489-84020-8 , pp. 584-587.

Web links

Commons : Radiationless Chamomile  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files