Synod of Rome (382)
The Synod of Rome in 382 is of ecclesiastical significance because it was based on the composition and scope of the Holy Scriptures that is still valid today .
Creation of a binding Bible
At that time a synod was the only institution that could create church law. From this point on, the Bible consisted of the Old Testament and 27 writings, which also included the Apocrypha , as confirmed by the later Synods of Hippo (393) and Carthage (397/419).
Hieronymus edited (383-420) the Old Latin Bible on behalf of the Synod and the Bishop of Rome . This work resulted in the Vulgate , which is still the standard Latin edition of the Bible to this day (see Nova Vulgate ).
The canon of the Holy Scriptures was dealt with later at the following synods and councils: Hippo , Carthage and the councils of Nicaea (787) , Florence , Trento , Vatican I and Vatican II.
Condemnation of Apollinarianism
Furthermore, the Synod in 382, like those of Rome (375), Antioch (378) and Constantinople (ecumenical, 381), condemned Apollinarianism .
Apollinaris of Laodicea had tried to clarify the parts or the character of the union of divinity and humanity in the human being Jesus Christ and had come to the view that the divine nature in Christ was perfect, but the human nature was imperfect.
Claim to power of the Roman Church around 382
Parallel to the standardization efforts of this Synod, the claim to the supremacy of Rome and its papacy within the Christian Church was consolidated. Pope Damasus , who was characterized by a clear will to rule, said in this context: “... the Holy Roman Church is ahead of the other churches in rank - not through synodal resolutions, but because it has received primacy through the word of the Lord in the Gospel ...: On this rock I will build my church. "
There was also increasing claim to the Christian as the state religion of the Roman Empire: Emperor Gratian (367-383) left the Victoria altar in the Senate, which had already been removed and re-erected under previous rulers, at the instigation of Bishop Ambrose of Milan in 382 finally eliminate what the Roman aristocracy very upset.