Tüsiyetü Khan Cachundordsch

The Tüsiyetü Khan Cachundordsch (other spelling including: Caqundorji, Tsagun Dorji, Mongolian Түшээт хан Чахундорж , ruled 1655–1691; † 1699 ) was a Khan of the Khalka Mongols. Although he dominated the internal power struggles of the Khalka, he was defeated in 1688 by the Djungarian prince Khungtaidschi Galdan and had to put himself under the protection of the Manchu administration (Emperor Kangxi , ruled 1661–1722).

Cachundordsch was the son of Tüsiyetü Khan Gombodorz and his brother Dsanabadsar (1635–1723) was the first Jebtsundamba Khutukhtu , d. H. the religious authority of the Khalka. Right at the beginning of his reign, Cachundordsch, together with other princes, sent his sons to "serve" (ie as hostages) at the imperial court and received the appointment of "regents" (Zasag).

In the 1660s disputes broke out among the Khalka princes, which they sucked like a vortex into the abyss within three decades and of which Cachundordsch was not exactly innocent. After the death of Jasaktu-Khan Norbu in 1661, Wangsuy (illegally) appointed himself Jasaktu-Khan and was attacked and murdered by Altan Khan Lobzang in 1662 . But Cachundordsch had sided with Wangsuy, now sent his troops against the murderer and forced him to flee, whereupon his khanate lost its importance. He then set up Mergen as the new Jasaktu Khan , who, however, could not be operated by the Manchu Emperor Kangxi. In addition, his subjects had come under the protection of Cachundordsch. So in 1670 the Emperor Kangxi installed a new Jasaktu Khan : Cengün, who reclaimed his people from Cachundorsch. In order to settle the dispute, the emperor called a meeting of princes in Chüren Bilcir in 1686.

Since Cachundordsch the Jasaktu Khan finally returned only half of the people, the new allied Jasaktu Khan Sar with the Dschungarenherrscher Galdan Boshugtu Khan (r. 1676-1697). Cachundordsch defeated and killed Sar, but was shortly afterwards defeated in two battles by Galdan and had to flee towards the Gobi (1688). Since political instability also prevailed in the sphere of power of the Chechen khans (the new Khan Ilden Ravdan had died in 1688 and the legal heir was a minor) there was no further resistance from the Khalka. The defeat of Cachundorji (and his son Galdandorji) triggered a large wave of refugees to the southern Mongols, who were under the Manchu. Cachundordsch and his brother, the Lama Dsanabadsar, asked the Emperor Kangxi for protection and without further hesitation submitted to him in a ceremony in Dolon Nor in 1691, together with the other princes. Cachundordsch was confirmed in office, although he acted without consulting the emperor and killed the Jasaktu Khan . In the years 1690 and 1696 Galdan was pushed back and defeated by the troops of Emperor Kangxi (with the help of the Khalka).

Remarks

1. ↑ In the 17th century, the Khalka were divided into four large groups from the descendants of Dayan Khan's son Geresenje († 1549): those of the Tüsiyetü, Chechen, Jasaktu and Altan Khan . With the Jebtsundamba Khutukhtu Dsanabadsar there was also a religious authority whose word applied to all four groups. The first Tüsiyetü Khan Abdai received his title from the Dalai Lama in 1587, and his younger brother Tümengken received the title Sajn Noyan. The younger line of the Sajn Noyan -Khane only became independent in the Manchu period in 1725.
2. ↑ Lobzang was last surprised and captured by Jasaktu Khan in 1682 , and around 1691 he disappeared.

literature

• Udo B. Barkmann: History of Mongolia or the "Mongolian Question". The Mongols on their way to their own nation-state . Bouvier, Bonn 1999, ISBN 3-416-02853-8 .
• Michael Weiers (Ed.): The Mongols. Contributions to their history and culture . Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 1986, ISBN 3-534-03579-8 .
• René Grousset : The steppe peoples. Attila - Genghis Khan - Tamerlane . Magnus-Verlag, Essen 1975, ( Magnus cultural history ).