Tai Don

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Traditional Tai Don costume in the Vietnamese Museum of Ethnology, Hanoi
Model of a traditional Tai-Don house in Lai Châu

Tai Don ( "White Tai" , and Tai Khao , Vietnamese Thái Trang , Tay Djon or Tay Khao , Thai ไท ด่อน , RTGS Thai Don or ไท ขาว Thai Khao) are an ethnic group in Southeast Asia, to the family of Tai peoples counts . Their name is derived from the women's bright costume, in contrast to the neighboring “black” Tai Dam and “red” Tai Daeng . Their language belongs to the southwestern Tai languages , so it is related to Thai and Lao . They form patrilineal , totemic family associations that were traditionally organized in autonomous tribal principalities ( Müang ) . The Tai Don are mostly animists . Their livelihood is wet rice cultivation.

Most of the Tai Don live in northwestern Vietnam , in the area around the Red and Black Rivers , the provinces of Lai Châu , ệiện Biên , Lào Cai and Sơn La . Their Müang located there formed the Confederation Sip Song Chu Thai (“twelve cantons of the Tai”) for centuries with principalities of the Tai Dam and Tai Daeng . In 1889 the Tai Don prince Đèo Văn Trị (Kham Hum) placed himself under French protectorate. The Tai-Don nobility of Müang Lai (Vietnamese Lai Châu ) under the leadership of the Đèo family dominated in the Pays Thaï ("Tai-Land"), which was recognized by the French, and the Fédération Thaï ("Tai Federation") established in 1948 , which existed until the end of the first Indochina War in 1954. The administration of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam considers the Southwestern Tai language-speaking Tai peoples of Vietnam (Tai Don, Tai Dam, Tai Daeng, Phu Thai and others) together as the nationality of the Thái , who are recognized as a national minority. The number of Tai Don in Vietnam was estimated at 280,000 in 2002.

In Laos, the 1995 census showed around 200,000 Tai Don. They live mainly in the northeastern provinces of Houaphan and Phongsali, which border Vietnam . In the People's Republic of China , 15,000 Tai Don live in the Jinping Autonomous County ( Honghe Autonomous District , Yunnan Province ) bordering Vietnam . They are counted among the Dai nationality.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Joachim Schliesinger: Ethnic Groups of Laos. Volume 3: Profiles of Austro-Thai-speaking peoples. White Lotus Press, 2003, pp. 126-131.
  2. ↑ Martin Stuart-Fox : Historical Dictionary of Laos. 3rd edition, Scarecrow Press, Lanham MD / Plymouth 2008, p. 334, entry Tai Khao .
  3. ↑ a b c Tai Dón. In: Ethnologue. Languages ​​of the World. 18th edition, 2015 (online version).