Tai Dam

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The Tai Dam (or Thai Dam; Thai ไต ดำ or ไท ดำ ; in Thailand also ไทย ทรง ดำ , Thai Song Dam , ไทย โซ่ง , Thai Song , or ลาว โซ่ง , Lao Song ; Vietnamese Thái Đen ) are an ethnic group in Southeast Asia . They belong to the family of the Tai peoples . The name Tai Dam means "black tai" and is derived from traditional black clothing. They are closely related to the Tai Don (or Tai Kao, "white Tai"). Their language of the same name belongs to the group of southwestern Tai languages , which also includes Thai .

distribution

About 700,000 Tai Dam live in northwest Vietnam , mainly along the Red and Black Rivers in the Điện Biên province , where they make up the majority of the population with other Tai groups. The Vietnamese government classifies them as part of the Thái nationality. Today's Điện Biên Phủ used to be the center of the Tai Dam Principality of Müang Thaeng , which belonged to the Sip Song Chu Thai Confederation . At the end of the 18th century it was conquered by the Lao Kingdom of Vientiane . As a result, Tai Dam were deported as labor laborers to what is now Laos and Thailand.

In Laos , the Tai Dam are counted among the Lao Thai and had a population of 50,000 at the 1995 census. Their settlement areas are scattered across the north and center of the country. In Thailand there is a village, Ban Na Pa Nat in the Amphoe Chiang Khan , Loei province near the border with Laos, in which about 700 Tai Dam live. Around 30,000 descendants of the deported Tai Dam prisoners of war, known as Thai Song or Lao Song , also live in the provinces of Phetchaburi , Kanchanaburi , Nakhon Pathom , Phitsanulok and Nakhon Sawan . In China, in the southeast of Yunnan Province , specifically in Jinping Autonomous County of Honghe Autonomous District , 10,000 Tai Dam live. The Chinese authorities consider the Tai Dam to be part of the Dai nationality.

As a result of the Indochina War ( Battle of Điện Biên Phủ 1954), many Tai Dam left their original settlement area. Their descendants live in the US state of Iowa , France and Australia .

literature

  • Yukti Mukdawijitra: Ethnicity and Multilingualism. The Case of Ethnic Tai in the Vietnamese State. Dissertation. University of Wisconsin, Madison 2007, OCLC 318811110 .
  • Khamphèng Thipmountaly: The Ancient beliefs of the Tai Dam. In: Laos and Ethnic Minority Cultures: Promoting Heritage. Unesco, 2003, pp. 197-201.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Volker Grabowsky : Population and State in Lan Na. A contribution to the population history of Southeast Asia. Harrassowitz-Verlag, Wiesbaden 2004, p. 31.
  2. ↑ a b c Tai Dam In: M. Paul Lewis, Gary F. Simons, Charles D. Fennig (Eds.): 2013 Ethnologue. Languages ​​of the World. 17th edition. SIL International, Dallas 2013. Online: http://www.ethnologue.com./ Retrieved July 3, 2013.
  3. ↑ Thai Song In: M. Paul Lewis, Gary F. Simons, Charles D. Fennig (Eds.): Ethnologue. Languages ​​of the World. 17th edition. SIL International, Dallas 2014. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com./