Taiwan spruce
| Taiwan spruce | ||||||||||||
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Taiwan spruce ( Picea morrisonicola ) |
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| Picea morrisonicola | ||||||||||||
| Hayata |
The Taiwan spruce ( Picea morrisonicola ) is a species from the pine family (Pinaceae). It is native to the island of Taiwan .
description
The Taiwan spruce grows as an evergreen tree that can reach stature heights of up to 50 meters and chest height diameters of up to 1.5 meters. The tightly standing branches go straight off the trunk. The gray to grayish red-brown, scaly trunk bark is about 0.5 centimeters thick, is irregularly furrowed and flakes off in scales. The inner, fibrous bark is 1 to 1.5 centimeters thick and reddish brown in color. The hairless twig bark is initially brown to yellowish brown and turns grayish-brown into the second year. The sapwood from freshly felled trees is light, yellowish-white in color.
The winter buds are egg-shaped, rarely also conical-egg-shaped. The tightly standing, straight or slightly curved needles are linearly shaped with a length of 0.8 to 1.5 centimeters and a width of 0.1 to 0.3 centimeters and have a broad, diamond-shaped cross section. Its tip is pointed. There are five stomatal lines on the top of the needle and two or three on the bottom of the needle .
The Taiwan spruce is single-sexed ( monoecious ) and the flowering time is in April. The cones are elongated to elongated-cylindrical in shape with a length of 5 to 7 centimeters and a thickness of 2.5 to 3 centimeters. They are initially red to purple-green in color and turn brown when ripe in October, rarely also slightly purple. The seed scales are obovate and about 1.5 inches long and about 1.2 inches wide. Their base tapers to a wide wedge shape or is slightly rounded. The approximately obovate seeds are about 3 to 4 millimeters long and have elongated to obovate, yellowish to orange-brown wings, which are 6 to 7 millimeters long.
Distribution and location
The natural, rugged distribution area of the Taiwan spruce is on the island of Taiwan . It includes the mountains in the center of the island.
The Taiwan spruce thrives at altitudes of 2500 to 3000 meters. The species grows mainly in ravines and on mountain slopes in pure or mixed stands, including the Chinese hemlock ( Tsuga chinensis ).
Picea morrisonicola is classified as "Endangered" in the IUCN Red List . It is pointed out, however, that a new review of the hazard is necessary. The overexploitation of the species for wood production is named as the main endangerment factor.
use
The Taiwan spruce is one of the most important suppliers of wood to Taiwan. The wood is used as construction wood , in vehicle construction and for the manufacture of furniture. It is also used to produce cellulose .
Systematics
Picea morrisonicola is assigned to the subgenus Picea , the section Picea , the subsection Picea and the series Smithianae within the genus of the spruce trees ( Picea ) .
It was first described as Picea morrisonicola in 1908 by Hayata Bunzō in Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo , Volume 25 (19), page 220.
swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Picea morrisonicola. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 23, 2012, accessed May 25, 2013 (English).
- Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias & Robert R. Mill: Pinaceae . Picea. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , Picea morrisonicola , pp. 29 (English, Picea morrisonicola - online - this printed work is online with the same text).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Christopher J. Earle: Picea morrisonicola. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 23, 2012, accessed May 25, 2013 (English).
- ↑ a b c d Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias & Robert R. Mill: Pinaceae . Picea. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , Picea morrisonicola , pp. 29 (English, Picea morrisonicola - online - this printed work is online with the same text).
- ↑ a b Picea morrisonicola in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2012. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 2000. Accessed May 25, 2013.
- ↑ Picea morrisonicola at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed May 25, 2013.
