Tarmashirin

Tarmashirin

Ala ad-Din Tarmashirin († 1334 ) was a Khan of Chagatai - Mongolian .

Life

Tarmashirin was probably a son of Khan Du'a (r. 1282–1306) and came to the throne in internal power struggles with two rivals. His reign lasted from about 1327 until his deposition and execution in 1334.

To the annoyance of the traditional Mongols from the Ili region, Tarmashirin was an avid Muslim , replaced the Jassa in his empire with the Shari'a and resided permanently in Transoxania , where many Mongols followed him because of the granting of fiefs. Sedentary people, Islam and urban culture were much more strongly represented here, which was not without influence on the nomads . Tarmashirin's predecessor, his brother Kebek (r. 1309, 1318–26), favored sedentarism by “penning” the nomads together in territorially limited administrative districts. Tarmashirin intensified this policy.

The Khan waged two wars, one against the Ilkhan Abu Sa'id and one against the Sultan of Delhi (1326/1327). He also received the traveler Ibn Battuta , who, however, not only spoke favorably about the state of his country.

Buzan, the son of a fallen predecessor, took the lead in the opposition in the Ili region and defeated the Khan at Quzi Mandaq. The reason for the uprising was the disregard for the Jassa and the old ancestral home on the Ili. Tarmashirin fled to the Qaraunas but was recaptured and executed near Samarkand .

In the ensuing tribal and civil wars, the khanate split into two parts: In the west, the empire of Emir Kazagan emerged in 1346 and then that of Timur Lenk in 1370, in the east - in Mogulistan - the descendants of Chagatai lasted until the 16th century in power.

literature

• Michal Biran: "The Chaghadaids and Islam: The Conversion of Tarmashirin Khan (1331-34)" in Journal of the American Oriental Society 122/4 (2002) 742-752.