Swap exchange

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Sharing networks are events in which exchange willing market participants mutually goods or services by barter agreement to exchange.

General

The prerequisite for a real barter is that each barter partner loses ownership of his barter object and receives ownership of the barter object from the other party in return . Exchange exchanges are not real exchanges because the market participants present their exchange objects to each other in order to be able to hand them over during the exchange process, while the objects of exchange are not available on exchanges.

In the case of swap exchanges, an exchange contract is also concluded, for which, in accordance with Section 480 BGB, the provisions on the purchase contract ( Section 433 ff. BGB) apply accordingly. This means that each Party on ownership of the to be replaced things or rights shall have to make this the other Party by handing transfer ownership to. Step by step , the other party then transfers their consideration.

species

In general, a distinction must be made between public face-to-face exchanges and Internet exchange exchanges :

  • Public face-to-face exchanges are either freely accessible, such as the free shop, or the exchange groups that are only open to members as associations . Face-to-face exchange means that each exchange partner can show their exchange objects and hand them over when they are exchanged (similar to face-to-face trading ). Exchange circles are systems that promote exchange without the use of means of payment . The Local Exchange Trading System (LETS), founded in Courtenay in 1979, is considered the first of its kind . It was a social exchange network with the exchange currency "Green Dollar", to which around 600 members belonged. In the late 1990s created the first public bookcases are also common Gib- and Take shelves (also English Give Boxes, Boxes Free ). Bambali , founded in August 2004 , legally exchanges goods and services for the "Bambali thaler" currency.
  • In Internet file-sharing services is websites , the swapping of goods (such as second-hand or media such as books , audiovisual media , recordings or files allow) and services with other participants. The exchange partners can only present their exchange objects virtually (as in mail order ). The largest number of participants was recorded in the music exchange platforms that emerged in 1999 and enabled the illegal exchange of audio files . These included file sharing platforms such as Napster (since August 1999; up to 38 million users ), Audiogalaxy (January 1999), eDonkey2000 (September 2000), BearShare (December 2000), Kazaa (March 2001), Morpheus (2001), eMule (May 2002 ) or LimeWire (October 2010) and others. However, there was no actual exchange with them. The supposed exchange object (mostly an MP3 audio file) was not given up by the provider, but offered permanently as a master copy. This peer-to-peer - networks had to because of massive violations of international copyright law gradually close.

While direct contact takes place between the exchange partners in public face-to-face exchanges, contact is established indirectly via the Internet in Internet exchange exchanges .

economic aspects

File-sharing exchanges give buyers with a lack of money the opportunity to purchase goods or services without using means of payment. To do this, they have to offer their own goods for exchange that have roughly the same exchange value. If this is not the case, complementary currencies ("exchange currencies") ensure that an exchange can still take place through acquired credit . File sharing exchanges enable market access for groups of consumers who otherwise could not appear as buyers, which means that more transactions can take place in the economy . In the case of music exchanges, nothing was legally exchanged, but free downloads violated copyright law and thus harmed the copyright holders and the recording companies .

The sharing economy concerns business models in which there is no exchange, but the owner of things allows them to be shared by third parties.

See also

Web links

Wiktionary: Exchange exchange  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stephan Kaiser, Swap instead of buying: Rediscovering old ideas and using them skillfully , 2014, p. 30
  2. ↑ Stephan Kaiser, Swap instead of buy: Rediscover old ideas and use them skillfully , 2014, p. 29 f.
  3. ↑ Alexander Lang, Filesharing und Strafrecht , 2009, p. 13
  4. ↑ Andreas Huber, Internet exchange , 2006, p. 4