Theological College of Qom

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The Iranian religious leader Khamenei meets students of the Qom seminary; in the background the picture of the previous head of state Khomeini

The Theological College of Qom , also known as Feiziyye , is the most important Shiite theological college (Hawza) in Iran . It is located in the central Iranian city of Qom (Qom), 140 kilometers southwest of Tehran . Next to the Hawza of Qom is the shrine of Fatima Masuma , sister of the eighth Shiite Imam Ali ibn Musa ar-Rida (d. 818).

After the theological college in the city of Najaf in Iraq , Qom is the second most important religious training center for the Shiites.

It was originally founded in 1533 after the death of Shah Ismail in the time of the Safavids (1501-1722) and later named after the well-known Shiite theologian Muhammed Muhsin Faiz Kaschani (1598 / 9-1680), known as Mullah Muhsin Faiz, who studied there and later taught there.

With the influx of Shiite scholars after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire , this Shiite educational institution was revived and expanded under the spiritual guidance and administrative supervision of Ayatollah Abdolkarim Haeri Yazdi (1859-1937). Since then it has been an important Shiite science center.

In 1963, the Theological College was the site of unrest in Iran between state security forces and demonstrators. In March 1963, the Feyzieh seminar was attacked by thugs loyal to the Shah, and three seminarians were killed. The unrest and the reaction to it ultimately led to Ayatollah Khomeini's arrest and his banishment from the country. Here he preached the welāyat-e faqih ("governorship of the legal scholar") .

The former Iranian President Rafsanjani received his clerical training here.

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References and footnotes

  1. ↑ Fatima bint Musa (d. 816 or 817) the daughter of the seventh and sister of the eighth Imam of the Twelve Shiites .
  2. ↑ According to Der Spiegel (2003), over 50,000 clergy from various Islamic countries studied in the city. - spiegel.de: Iran: Holidays on the axis of evil (Felix Göpel) - The French Wikipedia article ( Séminaires de Qom ) speaks of 70,000 élèves .
  3. ↑ Halm, p. 91
  4. ↑ cf. z. B. محسن فیض کاشانی
  5. ↑ “Only under the direction of the scholar Ayatollah 'Abd al-Karim Ha'iri Yazdi and his successors was Qum able to become a competitor for the Iraqi Najaf. From 1922 to 1937, Ha'iri headed the most famous Shiite center of knowledge, “Madrasa-ye Feiziyye”, where Khomeini was also supposed to study and teach. ”From: Semiramis Akbari: Iran between American and domestic political pressure (2004) PDF file
  6. ↑ Mohsen Kadivar from Tehran, based on: DIE ZEIT 1994/38
  7. ↑ Christopher de Bellaigue: In the rose garden of the martyrs. A portrait of Iran. From the English by Sigrid Langhaeuser, Verlag CH Beck, Munich 2006 (English original edition: London 2004), p. 212 f.
  8. ↑ On the unrest in Iran, cf. also Yann Richard and Nikki R. Keddie: Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution . Yale University Press 2006 ( excerpt from Google Book Search)
Theological College of Qom (alternative names of the lemma)
Madrasa Faiziya: Madrasa Faiziyya; Madrasa-y Faiziyeh; Al-Faidiyya; Madrasa-ye Feiziyye; law and theological college in Qom; Qum Theological College; theological “science center”, the Hawza, of Qom; Islamic theological college [houze-ilmi-qom]; Islamic Theological College of Qom; Qum Theological College; Qom Theological College; Theological College of Qom

Coordinates: 34 ° 38 ′ 28.9 ″  N , 50 ° 52 ′ 48.1 ″  E