Tidong

The Tidong , Tleid or Tedong , also described as Tiroon , Tirones or Camucones , are an indigenous ethnic group of the Malay Archipelago . Their main distribution area is in the Indonesian part of Borneo and in Sabah .

designation

The term tidong means "hill" or "hill people" in the Tarakan dialect of the Tidong language. As with many other peoples of the Malay Archipelago, the term "Tidong" is a collective term that is used to describe a number of closely related indigenous groups. The different groups of the Tidong do not refer to themselves as tidong in all cases , but are combined into a common group by modern ethnology due to similarities in cultural and religious customs.

Settlement areas

The traditional settlement areas of the Tidong are in Kalimantan Timur on the Sungai Sembakung and Sungai Sibuku rivers from their upper reaches to the estuary north of Pulau Tarakan and from there along the coast; south to the mouth of the Sungai Bolongan and north to Tawau including Cowie Bay . One of the Tidong enclaves is on Sungai Labuk , across from Klagan City .

Demographics

For Sabah, the 2010 census (2010 Census) gives a population of 28,515 Tidong. Tidong in other Malaysian states are of no statistical relevance.

For Indonesia, the reference work Ethnologue gives an estimated number of 27,000 Tidong in 2007.

language

The Tidong language spoken by the ethnic group belongs to the Idahan language family, along with the other indigenous languages of Sabah, which in turn belongs to the West Malayo-Polynesian languages . The Tidong language ( ISO-639-3 code tid) is spoken in different dialects, viz

in Indonesia in the dialects Nonukan (Nunukan), Penchangan, Sedalir (Salalir, Sadalir, Saralir, Selalir), Tleid, Tarakan (Terakan), Sesayap (Sesajap) and Sibuku;
in Sabah in the dialects Tarakan (Terakan) and Sesayap (Sesajap).

Culture

The interests of the Tidong are represented by the KDCA ( Kadazan-Dusun Cultural Association ).

literature

Frank M. LeBar (Ed.): Ethnic Groups of Insular Southeast Asia, Volume 1: Indonesia, Andaman Islands, and Madagascar ; Human Relations Area Files Press, New Haven, 1972 ( Bisaya chapter , 163-166)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c Lebar, p. 167
^ Ethnic extract from the 2010 Population and Housing Census ; Communication from the Statistical Office of 6 September 2010
^ M. Paul Lewis (ed.): Ethnologue - Languages of the World , 16th Edition, SIL International, Texas, 2009, ISBN 978-1-55671-216-6
^ DJ Prentice: The linguistic situation in northern Borneo in: Pacific Linguistic Studies , SA Wurm and DC Laycock, (Eds.), Pacific Linguistics , Series C, No. 13, 1970
^ Ethnologue report for language code tid

Remarks

↑ The information from the census is based solely on the respondents' answers without further evidence.

[Lebar167-1] Lebar, p. 167

[2] Ethnic extract from the 2010 Population and Housing Census ; Communication from the Statistical Office of 6 September 2010

[4] M. Paul Lewis (ed.): Ethnologue - Languages of the World , 16th Edition, SIL International, Texas, 2009, ISBN 978-1-55671-216-6

[5] DJ Prentice: The linguistic situation in northern Borneo in: Pacific Linguistic Studies , SA Wurm and DC Laycock, (Eds.), Pacific Linguistics , Series C, No. 13, 1970

[6] Ethnologue report for language code tid

[3] The information from the census is based solely on the respondents' answers without further evidence.