Toniná
Toniná is a Mayan ruined city in the state of Chiapas in Mexico . It is about 90 kilometers from San Cristóbal de las Casas and about 14 kilometers east of the small town of Ocosingo .
Translated, Toniná means something like house of large stones . The city was inhabited from around 400 to 900 AD. It is built on the slope of a mountain, which was formed into a total of seven pyramid levels. Toniná is known for the numerous inscribed steles, altars and stucco friezes. The tallest of the pyramids is about 60 meters high. There are also two large Mayan ball courts on the site.
The rulers in Toniná, in ascending order, were:
- B'alam Ya Acal - 6th century
- Chac B'olom Chaak - 6th century
- K'inich Hix Chapat - 595? -665
- Name unknown - 668-687
- K'inich B'aaknal Chaak - 688-715
- Name unknown - 717-723
- K'inich Ich'aak Chapat - 723 - ca.739
- K'inich Tuun Chapat - 8th century
- Name not deciphered - 787-806
- Uh Chapat - 837
- Name unknown - 901
During a war against Palenque , its ruler K'inich K'an Joy Chitam II was captured in 711.
The last entry in hieroglyphs can be found at Monument 101 and dates from the year 909.
See also
literature
- Ian Graham : Corpus of Maya Hieroglyphic Inscriptions, Volume 9, Part 2, Tonina (Corpus of Maya Hieroglyphic Inscriptions) , Publisher: Peabody Museum of Archeology & Ethnology, July 2006, ISBN 087365773X .
- Nikolai Grube (Ed.): Maya. God kings in the rainforest. Könemann, Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-8290-1564-X .
- Simon Martin / Nikolai Grube: Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens. Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. Thames & Hudson, 2nd ed., London 2008, ISBN 978-0-500-28726-2 , pp. 176-189.
- Linda Schele , David Freidel : The unknown world of the Maya. The secret of their culture deciphered. Weltbild Verlag, Augsburg 1995, ISBN 3-89350-737-X .
Web links
- Une piste pour comprendre le mystère de la disparition des Mayas. (French) L'Humanité, read February 13, 2010.
Coordinates: 16 ° 54 ' N , 92 ° 1' W