List of Mayan ruins
The list of Mayan ruins gives an overview of the previously known and archaeologically recorded Mayan ruins . This includes both formerly inhabited cities and purely religious places (places of ceremonies and sacrifices). The mentioned ruins are located in the present territory of the states:
- Mexico (on the Yucatán Peninsula , in Chiapas and Tabasco )
- Belize
- Guatemala
- Honduras (in the west)
- El Salvador (in the west)
The Maya region was probably settled several millennia ago. The earliest documented settlements in villages can be traced back to around 2000 BC. To date.
The overview preferably contains archaeological sites where excavations and mostly reconstruction work have taken place. Not all of the mentioned ruin sites are officially open to visitors. The names of other Maya sites - so far largely unexplored - can be found in the articles on the Puuc style , the Chenes style and the Rio Bec style .
listing
The list is arranged alphabetically according to the names of the Mayan ruins, but can also be sorted according to countries and regions (in Mexico: states; in Guatemala: departments). As archaeological expeditions and excavations continue to take place, a constant expansion of the list can be expected.
country | Surname | region | Initial settlement | Brief description | image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mexico | Acanmul | Campeche | Three story palace | ||
Mexico | Acanceh | Yucatan | 200-300 AD | Big temple pyramid on the main square of the town | |
Mexico | Aké | Yucatan | 350 AD | Building with monumental columns and megalithic stairs | |
Guatemala | Aguateca | El Peten | 250 AD | Adjacent residence of the Kings of Dos Pilas | |
Guatemala | Altar de Sacrificios | El Peten | approx. 600 BC Chr. | numerous steles and buildings | |
Belize | Altun Ha | Belize District | 200 BC Chr. | 13 temples (the highest of which 16 meters) and residential buildings | |
Mexico | Balamku | Campeche | In 1990 a richly decorated stucco frieze was found in the small complex, which can be viewed | ||
Mexico | Balance | Yucatan | 600 BC Chr. | Cave with numerous offerings, e.g. B. Miniature millstones | |
Mexico | Becán | Campeche | 600 BC Chr. | Temple pyramids and palace buildings | |
Mexico | Bonampak | Chiapas | 600 AD | Several temples, one with extraordinary wall paintings | |
Belize | Cahal bad luck | Cayo District | 1000 BC Chr. | 34 spiritual and residential buildings as well as two ball courts and a sweat bath ( temazcal ) | |
Mexico | Calakmul | Campeche | 200 AD | Over 6000 buildings with a 45 meter high temple pyramid | |
Belize | Caracol | Cayo District | 1200 BC Chr. | The tallest building is a 34 meter high pyramid; In the heyday, an estimated 120,000 - 180,000 people lived here | |
El Salvador | Casa Blanca | Santa Ana | 500 BC Chr. | Wasn't abandoned until around AD 1200 | |
El Salvador | Cerén | San Salvador | 400 AD | Was buried under five meters of ash after a volcanic eruption in 600 and suffered a fate similar to Pompeii | |
Belize | Cerros | Corozal District | 330 BC Chr. | 3 large acropoles surrounded by several plazas and pyramids; the tallest building is 22 meters high | |
Mexico | Chac II | Yucatan | Early ruins | ||
Mexico | Chacchoben | Quintana Roo | Small site | ||
Mexico | Chacmultún | Yucatan | Three large building complexes with wall paintings | ||
Mexico | Chakalal | Quintana Roo | Small site directly on the coast | ||
Mexico | Chicanná | Campeche | 300-1100 | Estructura II with large monster mule door in Chenes style (750-770) | |
Mexico | Chichén Itzá | Yucatan | 500 AD | Temple city with a diameter of about one kilometer - the main building is El Castillo | |
Mexico | Chinkultic | Chiapas | 100 BC Chr. | So far, 200 classic buildings discovered | |
Mexico | Chunchucmil | Yucatan | Large settlement with lots of Sacbeob | ||
Mexico | Chunhuhub | Campeche | Building with a magnificent facade | ||
Mexico | Chunlimón | Campeche | Remnants of the facade with a snake mouth and cascading masks in the Chenès style | ||
Mexico | Cilvituk | Campeche | 10th century | Post-classical settlement on an island in the Laguna de Silvituc | |
Guatemala | Cival | El Peten | 600 BC Chr. | 27 meter high step pyramid surrounded by temples and plazas | |
Mexico | Cobá | Quintana Roo | 600 AD | Five groups of buildings with a 47 meter high temple pyramid | |
Mexico | Comalcalco | Tabasco | 200 BC Chr. | Westernmost temple complex of the Maya culture with over 300 structures identified so far (most of them made of baked bricks ) | |
Honduras | Copan | Copan | 160 AD | Large temples, pyramids, altars, ball playground, steles, reliefs and a monumental hieroglyphic staircase | |
Belize | Cuello | Orange Walk District | 2000 BC Chr. | Finds of the oldest settlements assigned to the Maya | |
Mexico | Cuca | Yucatan | Double wall ring | ||
Mexico | Culubá | Yucatan | Buildings similar to Puuc style far in the northern flatlands | ||
Guatemala | Dos pilas | El Peten | 629 AD | Founded as an outpost of Tikal - later enemy of Tikal | |
Mexico | Dsibiltún | Campeche | Site with monolithic stairs, palace and well-preserved temple | ||
Mexico | Dzibanche | Quintana Roo | High pyramids and palace complexes | ||
Mexico | Dzibilchaltún | Yucatan | 900 BC Chr. | Remains of around 8000 buildings - the most important is the Temple of the Seven Dolls | |
Mexico | Dzibilnocac | Campeche | Large ruined area with a three-tower Chenès-style building | ||
Mexico | Edzná | Campeche | Large city, protruding a five-story pyramid of temples with a multitude of rooms | ||
Mexico | Ek Balam | Yucatan | between 100 and 300 AD | The Acropolis is one of the largest in the Maya area | |
Mexico | El Meco | Quintana Roo | Small site with a temple pyramid | ||
Guatemala | El Mirador | El Peten | 1000 BC Chr. | Largest Mayan metropolis of the pre-classical period with two large temple pyramids (72 and 55 meters high) | |
Belize | El Pilar | Cayo District | 500 BC Chr. | Over ten large pyramids, 25 plazas and other buildings | |
Guatemala | El Perú (or Waka ') | El Peten | 4 building complexes with steles and graves | ||
Mexico | El Rey | Quintana Roo | Small site with remains of wall paintings | ||
Guatemala | El Zotz | El Peten | 6th century | Several temple pyramids and palaces | |
Mexico | Hochob | Campeche | Small site with towers and snake mouth entrances | ||
Guatemala | Holmul | El Peten | 600 AD | Relief in the frieze, remains of the pyramids | |
Mexico | Hormiguero | Campeche | Monumental snake mouth portal in Rio Bec building | ||
Mexico | Huntichmul | Yucatan | Large Puuc town with a snake mouth portal in the Rio Bec style | ||
Mexico | Huntichmul II | Campeche | Strange building with similarities to the Rio Bec style | ||
Mexico | Itzamkanac | Tabasco | Late classical settlement of the Chontal-Maya , Cuauhtémoc was killed here in 1525 | ||
Guatemala | Iximché | Chimaltenango | Ancient capital of the Cakchiquel Maya , conquered by Pedro de Alvarado in 1524. | ||
Mexico | Izamal | Yucatan | Huge pyramid and smaller ruin zones in a modern small town | ||
Mexico | Jaina | Campeche | before 500 AD | Important place where classical terracotta sculptures were found | |
Mexico | Kabah | Yucatan | 300 BC Chr. | Pyramids, palaces, triumphal arches and palace of masks | |
Guatemala | Kaminaljuyú | Guatemala City | 1500 BC Chr. | Over 100 platforms and tombs on the outskirts of the capital Guatemala City | |
Mexico | Kiuic | Yucatan | Buildings in the Puuc style with splendid decor | ||
Mexico | Kohunlich | Quintana Roo | 200 BC Chr. | Building in Rio Bec style - eg. B. the palace of masks | |
Guatemala | La Corona | El Peten | not yet dated | 90 × 50 cm limestone plate with 140 characters | |
Mexico | Labná | Yucatan | 700 AD | Puuc style palace, archway and El Mirador | |
Mexico | Lagartero | Chiapas | 800 AD | Pyramids and ball playground on island | |
Mexico | Lagunita | Campeche | 300 BC Chr. - 250 AD | Discovered and described by Eric Von Euw in 1970 , rediscovered in 2013 | |
Belize | Lamanai | Orange Walk District | 1500 BC Chr. | Large main temple and hundreds of outbuildings; belongs to the longest continuously populated Mayan cities | |
Belize | Lubaantun | Toledo District | 700 AD | Building made of limestone blocks without mortar | |
Guatemala | Machaquilá | El Peten | 800 AD | several steles with priest kings and characters (mostly in the National Museum of Archeology and Ethnology in Guatemala City ) | |
Mexico | Macobá | Campeche | 600 AD | Secluded place between Chenès and Puuc styles | |
Mexico | Malpasito | Tabasco | Large stairways and ball playground in the mountains | ||
Mexico | Mayapán | Yucatan | 1000 AD | 400 buildings (including 114 temples) have been identified so far | |
Guatemala | Mixco Viejo | Chimaltenango | Big city with fortifications and pyramids | ||
Mexico | Moral Reforma | Tabasco | regional cult center with double pyramid | ||
Mexico | Mul chic | Yucatan | Wall paintings of the Early Puuc style | ||
Mexico | Muyil | Quintana Roo | 900-1500 | Small site with several groups of buildings | |
Guatemala | Afterwards | El Peten | approx. 300 BC Chr. | Regional center | |
Guatemala | Naj Tunich | El Peten | Cave with wall drawings | ||
Guatemala | Nakbé | El Peten | 1400 BC Chr. | Two large building complexes in the center with temple pyramids between 40 and 72 meters | |
Guatemala | Nakum | El Peten | acropolis | ||
Guatemala | Naranjo | El Peten | sp. 5th century | Center of the high class with approx. 900 buildings | |
Belize | Nim Li Punit | Toledo District | 500 AD | Step pyramids (the highest of which 12 meters) surrounded by three plazas | |
Guatemala | Nito | Izabal | approx. 10th century | Commercial center | |
Mexico | Nocuchich | Campeche | Unique tower | ||
Mexico | Nohpat | Yucatan | Large, badly destroyed site | ||
Mexico | Oxkintoc | Yucatan | Early Puuc style city, three-story building with inner corridors | ||
Mexico | Palenque | Chiapas | 500 AD | Grand palace, several temples, aqueduct and magnificent tombstones | |
Mexico | Pechal | Campeche | Buildings in the Río Bec style | ||
Mexico | Plan de Ayutla | Tabasco | Smaller Palenque style complex | ||
Mexico | Pomoná | Tabasco | Buildings on pyramid-like bases around a large square | ||
Guatemala | Quiriguá | Izabal | 200 AD | Lots of sculptures and steles - the largest of them 10 meters high and 65 tons | |
Guatemala | Q'umarkaj | El Quiché | Capital of the Quiché -Maya, little restored | ||
Guatemala | Río Azul | El Peten | approx. 600 BC Chr. | Important local and long-distance trade center with over 5000 buildings | |
Mexico | Río Bec | Campeche | 600 AD | Named for the Rio Bec style , which is characterized by false towers and false stairs | |
Mexico | Sabana Piletas | Campeche | Long hieroglyphic inscription on a staircase | ||
El Salvador | San Andrés | La Libertad | 900 BC Chr. | Abandoned after a volcanic eruption and only settled again around 600 years later | |
Guatemala | San Bartolo | El Peten | approx. 100 BC Chr. | Earliest known wall paintings and characters of the Maya | |
Mexico | San Claudio | Tabasco | approx. 600 to 900 | Site without Mayan steles and dates | |
Mexico | San Gervasio | Quintana Roo | 4th century | Important religious center of the post-classical period | |
Mexico | Santa Elena | Tabasco | |||
Belize | Santa Rita (Belize) | Corozal District | 2000 BC Chr. | important trading center | |
Mexico | Santa Rosa Xtampak | Campeche | Three-story palace with internal stairs, snake-mouth facades | ||
Mexico | Sayil | Yucatan | 600 AD | 85 meter long and 3 storey high palace surrounded by temples and steles | |
Guatemala | Seibal | El Peten | 900 BC Chr. | Ancestral temple, round temple, many steles from the postclassical period (800–900 AD) | |
Mexico | Tabasqueño | Campeche | Chenes style temple with snake mouth entrance | ||
Guatemala | Takalik Abaj | Retalhuleu | 800 BC Chr. | 80 buildings with several plazas and almost 300 stone monuments such as steles and altars | |
Guatemala | Tamarindito | El Peten | 300 BC Chr. | ||
Mexico | Tamchen | Campeche | |||
Mexico | Tancah | Quintana Roo | 770 AD | Many wall paintings in the style of the Tro-Cortesianus Codex | |
El Salvador | Tazumal | Santa Ana | 250 AD | Large ruin site with several temple pyramids | |
Mexico | Tenam Puente | Chiapas | 400 AD | ||
Guatemala | Tikal | El Peten | 700 BC Chr. | 3000 structures such as temples, palaces, ball courts, platforms, terraces, squares, aqueducts, cisterns and steles | |
Mexico | Tohcok | Campeche | Small site in the Puuc-Chenès mixed style | ||
Mexico | Toniná | Chiapas | 400 AD | Numerous inscribed steles, altars and stucco friezes | |
Guatemala | Topoxté | El Peten | Small site with pyramids | ||
Mexico | Tortuguero | Tabasco | Largely destroyed today. Inscription monument 6 gained notoriety in connection with speculation about a possible end of the world on December 21, 2012 | ||
Mexico | Tulum | Quintana Roo | 600 AD | Located on a limestone cliff 12 meters above the Caribbean Sea | |
Guatemala | Uaxactun | El Peten | 1000 BC Chr. | Pyramid of masks and ball court | |
Mexico | Uxmal | Yucatan | 700 AD | Buildings in the Puuc style with buildings on artificially constructed esplanades | |
Mexico | Witzinah | Yucatan | Strange mask style | ||
Mexico | Xbalché | Campeche | Scattered clusters of buildings, mostly early Puuc style | ||
Mexico | Xburrotunich | Yucatan | Small site with a snake mouth entrance | ||
Mexico | Xcalumkin | Campeche | Numerous hieroglyphic inscriptions and bas-reliefs | ||
Mexico | Xcambó | Yucatan | 700 AD | Temple pyramids and colonial chapel | |
Mexico | Xcaret | Quintana Roo | Small site, port with protective wall on the sea side | ||
Mexico | Xel Ha | Quintana Roo | Harbor or fishing village on the Caribbean coast | ||
Mexico | Xhaxché | Yucatan | Small site with a well-preserved Chaac mask | ||
Mexico | Xkichmook | Yucatan | Remote site in the transition area between the Puuc and Chenes style | ||
Mexico | Xkipché | Yucatan | 700 AD | Palace and medium-sized Puuc style city | |
Mexico | Xlapak | Yucatan | Small site with richly decorated facades | ||
Mexico | Xpuhil | Campeche | Building in Rio Bec style with three dummy towers | ||
Belize | Xunantunich | Cayo District | 200 AD | 25 temples and palaces | |
Mexico | Yaxchilan | Chiapas | 400 AD | Large number of stone sculptures, steles and lintels | |
Guatemala | Yaxha | El Peten | Royal Palace, North Acropolis and ball courts | ||
Mexico | Yaxuná | Yucatan | City at the beginning of the Sacbé to Cobá | ||
Guatemala | Zaculeu | Huehuetenango | 300 AD | Post-classical capital of the Mam -Maya |
See also
literature
- Nikolai Grube : Maya - Gottkönige im Regenwald , Könemann, Cologne, 2000, ISBN 3-8290-1564-X
- Maria Longhena: Talking Stones , Marix, Wiesbaden, 2004, ISBN 3-937715-32-0
- Berthold Riese : Die Maya , CH Beck, Munich, 5th edition 2004, ISBN 3-406-46264-2
- Trade journal Maya - Inka - Azteken, Gruner and Jahr, Geo Epoche , issue no .: 15, Hamburg.
Web links
- Image gallery of various Mayan ruins
- Ruin sites with Maya inscriptions on the website of the project "Text database and dictionary of Classical Maya"
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://haciendakankirixche.com/en/2012/03/arqueologia-local/
- ↑ http://archaeology.about.com/od/archaeologic7/a/Ake.htm
- ^ A b Ancient Maya Cities Found in Jungle . Discovery. Retrieved September 3, 2014