Dead load

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As dead load , also dead weight or dead load , in conveyor technology the load that is formed from the total weight of the conveying means required for conveyance. The dead load is the minimum load that occurs in a conveyor system. Together with the payload, the dead load forms the total load of a conveyor system. In transport , the dead load is the weight that has to be transported with the payload .

Basics and composition

In order for a payload to be conveyed from one point to another point, certain conveying means are required with which the payload can be moved. In the case of simple conveyor systems, this is only the respective vehicle with which the payload is transported. In the case of lifting and pulling devices, load handling equipment attached to the hoist, such as B. traverses or grippers for moving the payload are required. In the case of shaft hoisting systems, a greater effort has to be made to move a payload back and forth. The funds used there are the conveyor rope , the intermediate harnesses and the conveyor vessels or conveyor frames . In addition, there are also possibly required trolleys , which form part of the dead load. But also contamination of the funds, which increase the weight unnecessarily and are transported with, such. B. caking on the walls of conveying vessels are part of the dead load of a conveyor system. All of these conveying means and objects have a weight that must be moved by the drive machine of the conveyor system. The dead load of a conveyor system therefore has an impact on the energy requirements of the conveyor system.

Payload / Dead Load Ratio

In order to be able to convey the largest possible payload effectively with a conveyor system, it is important that the system has a favorable ratio of payload to dead load. The dead load should always be low so that the ratio of payload to dead load is as large as possible. This can have a positive effect on the performance of a conveyor system. In vehicles such as B. dump trucks, the payload / dead load ratio is 3.6 to 1. Due to their light and simple construction, belt conveyor systems also have a low dead load / payload ratio. The situation is different with shaft hoisting systems. Here the payload / dead load ratio, depending on the conveyor system, is between 1: 0.9 and 1: 1.6. The length of the hoisting rope has a decisive influence on this ratio. With increasing depth , the dead weight of the hoisting rope increases and thus the dead load increases. As a result, the payload / dead load ratio drops. But the type of shaft conveyance also has an influence on the ratio of payload to dead load. Rack conveyors, for example, have a worse payload / dead load ratio than vascular conveyors .

Dead load reduction

By reducing the dead load, it is possible to increase the payload within certain limits. In particular in the case of shaft hoisting systems with great depths, it is very important to reduce the dead load in favor of increasing the payload. This can be achieved by using materials with higher strength. Since the individual components are subject to mining authority specifications such as rope safety and safety values for headframes , the respective conveyor system must also be checked to determine whether a reduction in the dead load in favor of an increase in the payload is possible and permissible. Another way to reduce dead load is to regularly clean the conveying equipment from impurities such as B. Caking of bulk materials.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f conveyor technology in underground hard coal mining . In: Commission of the European Communities (Ed.): Information Conference , Volume 1, Luxemburg 1978, Verlag Glückauf GmbH, ISBN 3-7739-0233-6 , pp. 91–92, 261–374.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i H. Arnold, D. Fuchs, H. Nöller, E. Ulrich: Investigations on increasing the performance of the main shaft, blind shaft and sinking conveyor systems by reducing dead weight. In: Commission of the European Communities (Ed.): Technical Research Coal, Final Report, Bochum 1980, pp. I-II, 2-7.
  3. ↑ a b H. Hoffmann, C. Hoffmann: Textbook of mining machines (power and work machines). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH, Berlin Heidelberg 1926, pp. 166-167.
  4. ↑ Stefan Vöth: Focus on braking processes Hoists with safety brakes 2/3, In: Hebezeuge Fördermittel: Trade journal for technical logistics, No. 4, Berlin 2015, Huss Medien GmbH, pp. 192–194.
  5. ↑ Benedikt Froelicher: Payload and dead load on railways, automobiles and aircraft , 1949.
  6. ↑ Horst Roschlau, Wolfram Heintze: Bergmaschinentechnik. VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstofftindustrie, Leipzig 1977, p. 255.
  7. ↑ Trade association for trade and goods distribution (BGHW) (ed.): Winches, lifting and pulling devices. BG regulation D 8, 1997, p. 50.
  8. ^ A b c Fritz Schmidt: The basics of the conveyor machine system. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH, Berlin Heidelberg 1923, pp. 17-22, 48-59, 74, 95, 124, 166.
  9. ↑ a b C. Vorwerk, T. Kuczera, K. - H. Wehking: Versatzbaustoffe, a challenge for conveyor technology. In: Institute for conveyor technology and logistics (ed.): 12th symposium bulk material conveyor technology, Stuttgart 2007.
  10. ↑ WA Günthner (Ed.): Extended logistics system planning including energy consumption. In: Forschungsstelle Technische Universität München, research report, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-941702-36-3 , p. 27.
  11. ↑ a b University of Stuttgart Institute for Warehouse Technology and Logistics (Ed.): Annual Report 2001/2002 ., P. 31.
  12. ↑ Hans Bansen (ed.): The mining machines. Fourth volume, The shaft production. Published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1913, p. 51.
  13. ↑ Horst Roschlau, Wolfram Heinze, SDAG Wismut (Hrsg.): Knowledge storage mining technology. 1st edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1974., p. 182.