Trachusa

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Trachusa
Trachusa dorsalis, female

Trachusa dorsalis , female

Systematics
Order : Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera)
Superfamily : Apoidea
without rank: Bees (Apiformes)
Family : Megachilidae
Subfamily : Megachilinae
Genre : Trachusa
Scientific name
Trachusa
Tank , 1804

Trachusa is a genus of bees in the Megachilidae family. The genus is common in both the Old and New World. A total of about 53 species are currently described, ten species in the Western Palearctic, seven species in the Eastern Palaearctic, six species occur in the Afrotropic region and six in Indomalaysia . 24 species occur in America (from New Jersey in the north to Mexico in the south). Two types can be found in Central Europe.

Some authors include Trachusa in the genus Anthidium .

morphology

Most of the Trachusa species have yellow markings on the thorax, only two species (including the native T. byssina ) are entirely black; the hair is gray-yellow to reddish-brown. The females wear a light, collective brush on the underside of the abdomen. They have two discoid cells in the fore wing. The claw links have a distinct adhesive flap . The bees are approx. 9 to 16 mm long (native species 11 to 15 mm).

In habit they are reminiscent of Osmia or Megachile .

Way of life

Trachusa bees are solitary, pollen-collecting and nest-building bees. They dig nests in the ground in which they create brood cells that are built with pieces of leaf and coated with resin. There are hardly any observations on the way of life of most species, only Trachusa byssina , the great resin bee, has been better studied. The nesting sites are preferably south-exposed areas that are not very overgrown. The nests are solitary or in small colonies (10 to 15 nests). The brood cells are created at a depth of approx. 10 to 15 cm, they are made with cut-out pieces of leaf and coated with resin on the inside.

Systematics

The genus Anthidium belongs within the subfamily Megachilinae to the tribe Anthidini . According to a more recent phylogenetically systematic investigation, the genus Trachusa forms, together with the genera Apianthidium (with only one species) and Trachusoides (with only 2 species), a genus group that is possibly the sister group of the remaining Anthidini.

Trachusa is divided into 10 sub-genera. Four of them are common in the New World, the other six in the Palearctic.

Western Palaearctic Species

(to )

  • Subgenus Archianthidium
  • Subgenus Paraanthidium
    • Trachusa dumerlei , Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey
    • Trachusa heinzi , Turkey
    • Trachusa interrupta , Mediterranean area, France, Italy, Switzerland (Geneva and Valais), Austria (historical report from Carinthia), Slovakia, Croatia, Albania, Serbia, Greece, Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, southern Russia, Turkey, to Central Asia (not for Germany reported).
  • Subgenus Trachusa s. st.
    Trachusa byssina (large resin bee)
    • Trachusa byssina (syn. Anthidium byssinum ), widespread, Europe from the Mediterranean to the north (64 °), in the east to eastern Siberia, Mongolia and eastern Russia. Turkey, Syria, Caucasus. After Scheuchl also in North Africa, but missing in Great Britain.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Max Kasparek: Resin bees of the anthidiine genus Trachusa. Identification, taxonomy, distribution and biology of the Old World species . In: Entomofauna . Supplement 21. Ansfelden 2017, ISBN 978-3-925064-71-5 , p. 152 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  2. ↑ a b Ze-Qing Niu, John S. Ascher, Michael C. Orr, Terry Griswold, Chao-Dong Zhu: Overview of the bee genus Trachusa Panzer, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini) from China with description of three new species . In: Zootaxa . tape 4646 , no. 2 , July 24, 2019, ISSN  1175-5334 , p. 251–270 , doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.4646.2.3 ( biotaxa.org [accessed April 16, 2020]).
  3. ↑ a b c d e Erwin Scheuchl, Wolfgang Willner: Pocket dictionary of wild bees in Central Europe . Quelle & Meyer, 2016, ISBN 978-3-494-01653-5 , pp. 217-228 .
  4. ^ A b Paul Westrich: The wild bees of Germany . E. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2018, p. 149-160, 578-586 .
  5. ↑ Solitary bee species: Woolly and resin bees (Anthidium). Retrieved April 15, 2020 .
  6. ^ Charles D. Michener: Bees of the World . 2nd Edition. 2007, p. 71 f., 491-537 .
  7. ↑ Jessica R. Litman, Terry L. Griswold, Bryan N. Danforth: Phylogenetic systematics and a revised generic classification of anthidiine bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) . In: Molecular phylogenetics and evolution . tape 100 , 2016, p. 183-198 ( researchgate.net ).