Trepucó
| Trepucó Poblat Talaiòtic de Trepucó | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Taula and Talayot |
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Location in Menorca |
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| Coordinates | 39 ° 52 '26.2 " N , 4 ° 15' 55.9" E | ||
| place | Maó , Balearic Islands , Spain | ||
| Emergence | 850 to 550 BC Chr. | ||
| Dimensions | 80 m | ||
Trepucó (full name Poblat Talaiòtic de Trepucó , "Talaiotic village of Trepucó") is an archaeological excavation site on the Spanish Balearic island of Menorca . The settlement, which is assigned to the Iron Age Talayot culture , was one of the largest on the island with almost 5,000 m². It was made in the 3rd century BC. Forcibly destroyed.
location
Trepucó is about two kilometers south of the city center of the island's capital Maó . Coming from there, the excavation site can be reached from the roundabout at the cemetery via the Camí de Trepucó and, turning right, the Camí de Verd. The route is also well signposted from the south via the ME-8 from Sant Lluís in the direction of Maó or from Es Castell from the east . A parking lot is available for visitors.
history
The beginnings of the settlement date back to the Talayotic period between 850 and 550 BC. At that time the place dominated the natural harbor of today's Maó and was the largest in the east of Menorca. However, the cave at the entrance to the site was already discovered in the 2nd millennium BC. Used as a burial place. In the 3rd century BC BC, possibly in connection with the Second Punic War , Trepucó was largely destroyed and after the beginning of the Roman occupation in 123 BC. Finally abandoned.
In 1782 the center of the settlement was surrounded by French troops with a star-shaped wall that still exists today, and a cannon was placed on the talayot. 1930–32 the British archaeologist Margaret Murray excavated parts of the settlement. On June 3, 1931, the archaeological site of Trepucó was registered as a historical monument (Monument arqueològic) (today's monument number: RI-55-0000848), but this did not prevent destruction in the subsequent period. In the 1970s, the system was reconstructed and the taula was provided with its controversial "support".
Buildings
Talayots
Two of these tower-like structures have been preserved in Trepucó today. It is assumed, however, that there were once four, and in Murray's opinion even seven. The central talayot is one of the largest on the island. At its base it has a diameter of 25 m. An opening was found in its upper part, which shows that the talayot was not built solid throughout, but had an upper chamber.
The smaller talayot, which has a diameter of 16 to 18 m, is located in the northwest of the talayotic settlement. A corridor leads inside. On its outside there are remains of the wall that once surrounded the settlement. Residential buildings also leaned directly against the talayot.
The taula
As in other talayotic settlements in Menorca, a taula has been found in Trepucó, a T-shaped monument made of two large stones. The load-bearing cuboid monolith of the Taula of Trepucó is 4.20 m high, 2.75 m wide and 0.40 m thick. Diagonal lines on its front side were interpreted as traces of the mining process in the quarry. The stone on top of it has the shape of a four-sided truncated pyramid standing on its top surface and is about 3.45 to 3.65 m long, 1.50 to 1.60 m wide and 0.60 m thick. This means that Trepucó has the largest preserved taula ever. It stands in the middle of a horseshoe-shaped area with a concave facade . On the inner wall of the wall some monolithic supporting pillars have been preserved. The complex served ritual purposes. Some researchers believe that the taula is just the central pillar of the roof structure.
Residential buildings
There are three groups of residential buildings in Trepucó, of which only three are accessible to the visitor near the Taula. These were excavated by Murray in 1932 and restored in 2010. The houses were built on the remains of earlier buildings, of which a lintel and a wall facade have been preserved. They were from the 4th to the 1st century BC. Inhabited in the post-Talayotic period. Two of the houses have an inner courtyard from which several rooms can be reached. Remnants of a paving have been preserved in one of them . Finds of calcite and clay as well as a lead bar suggest that it may have been a workshop in which ceramics and lead objects were made.
A house with an area of around 140 m² has been excavated directly on the northwestern talayot. It is entered from the east through a corridor with two small rooms on each side, which leads into a patio . Several rooms are grouped around this courtyard, which is provided with an impluvium , which served as bedrooms and storage rooms. There is also a room with an open stove. Another fireplace is in the patio.
caves
There are several caves on the site, one of which can be found in the entrance area.
Finds worth seeing
Due to the sudden destruction of Trepucó in the 3rd century BC Later excavations led to numerous finds of household items. Some of them can be seen in the Museu de Menorca , which is located in a former Franciscan monastery in Maó.
Nomination for the UNESCO World Heritage List
Trepucó is one of the 32 archaeological sites that Spain officially proposed on January 14, 2016 as " Talayotic Culture of Menorca " for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List . The World Heritage Committee postponed the application at its 41st meeting in July 2017 and requested improvements.
Web links
- Trepucó talayotic settlement on the Menorca Talayótica website
- Archaeological finds from Trepucó on ceres.mcu.es
Individual evidence
- ^ Antoni Nicolau Martí, Elena Sintes Olives, Ricard Pla Boada, Albert Àlvarez Marsal: Talayotic Minorca . The prehistory of the island. Triangle Books, Sant Lluís 2015, ISBN 978-84-8478-640-5 , pp. 96-103 (English).
- ↑ a b Tomàs Vibot: Archaeological Tour of Menorca , El Gall Editor, Pollença 2006, ISBN 978-84-96608-30-6 , p. 15 f.
- ↑ Cultural heritage database at the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (note: search for “Ruínas de Trepucó”), accessed on October 20, 2014
- ↑ Trepucó. Un poblado famoso from www.talayots.es (Spanish), accessed October 8, 2011
- ^ J. Mascaró Pasarius: Las Taulas . Ateneo de Mahón 1983
- ↑ Talayotic Culture of Minorca , on the Spanish tentative list at UNESCO (English), accessed on October 28, 2017.
- ↑ World Heritage Committee (Ed.): List of nominations received by February 1, 2016 and for examination by the World Heritage Committee at its 41st session (2017) . (English, unesco.org [PDF; 427 kB ]).
- ↑ World Heritage Committee (Ed.): Decisions adopted during the 41st session of the World Heritage Committee (Krakow, 2017) . (English, unesco.org [PDF; 4.5 MB ]).