Chukchi language
| Chukchi | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Spoken in |
 Russia
|
|
| speaker | 7,740 | |
| Linguistic classification |
|
|
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
- |
|
| ISO 639 -2 |
- |
|
| ISO 639-3 |
ckt |
|
Chukchi (proper name ԓыгъоравэтԓьэн йиԓыйиԓ / ļyg'orawetļ'en jiļyjiļ [ ɬəɣʔɔrawɛˌtɬʔɛn jiɬəjiɬ ], dt. "Language of real people" from lygi- "real," 'orawetl'an "man" and jilyjil "tongue, language", Russ. Чукотский язык ) is a paläosibirische language , which is spoken by about 10,000 speakers, the Chukchi , in the northeastern corner of the Russian Far East in the Chukotka region.
The closest related language, Korjak , has around 3,500 speakers. Together with Itelmen, Aliutor and Kerek, both languages form the group of Chukchi-Kamchadal languages . (There all further information on the language family.)
The Chukchi and Koryaks form a cultural unit, their economy is based on reindeer herding and they have the status of autonomous districts within the Russian Federation .
The origin of the Russian name chuktscha is unclear. Probably, however, it has its origin in the name of the largest social subgroup, the reindeer chukchi (chukchi. Cawcw [ ˈsawsəw ]).
The language is listed as "endangered" in the UNESCO Red Book .
The Chukchi language is written with the Cyrillic alphabet with the help of three additional letters: Ӄ ӄ, Ӈ ӈ and Ԓ ԓ, as well as the character ʼ . The Ԓԓ was only introduced at the end of the 1980s to identify the Chukchi L-sound to distinguish it from the Russian that occurs in loan words. A special feature is the different pronunciation of the consonant / r / or the combination / rk / for men and women. While the men speak / r / or / rk /, the women speak / ts / in both cases. So the "walrus" is called rərkə for men , but tsətsə for women . (For more information on the structure of language see under Chukchi-Kamchadal languages .) The only word from the Chukchi language known in German is the name for the salmon species (Chukchi qetaqet ) Ketalachs (Latin Oncorhynchus keta , English dog salmon, chum salmon ), from which the "Keta" caviar is obtained.
The Chukchi alphabet
| А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Д д | Е е | Ё ё | Ж ж |
| З з | И и | Й й | К к | Ӄ ӄ | Л л | Ԓ ԓ | М м |
| Н н | Ӈ ӈ | О о | П п | Р р | С с | Т т | У у |
| Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц | Ч ч | Ш ш | Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Ы ы |
| Ь ь | Э э | Ю ю | Я я | ʼ |
literature
- Bernard Comrie : The Languages of the Soviet Union. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge et al. 1981, ISBN 0-521-23230-9 .
